Alpine Aviation Tech Tree

T50B_BlackEagles · September 2, 2023, 7:23pm

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Alpine Aviation Tech Tree

Introduce

α. Synopsis

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Swiss

The Swiss Air Force (Luftwaffe) was founded in 1914 and introduced various aircraft from Germany, France, England, and the United States through World Wars I and II, and operated with unique improvements. In addition, various aircraft such as the Häfeli DH series, MA series, C-36 series, FFA P-16, and EFW N-20 have been developed domestically. The Swiss Air Force currently operates the F/A-18C, D and Pilatus aircraft and will introduce the F-35.

Austria

Austria’s history of military aviation dates back to the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Their military aviation began with the Balloon Corps (Militär-Aeronautische Anstalt) in 1893 and had 10 observation balloons, 85 pilots and 39 aircraft just before the outbreak of World War I. The Austro-Hungarian Empire continued aircraft development at companies such as Hansa-Brandenburg even during World War I, but after World War I was defeated, Austrian manned fighter development ceased forever. After the 1919 peace treaty, the Austrian First Republic was banned from owning aircraft, but the paramilitary Heimwehr created an air force. They were armed with Italian, German and British aircraft, but were dismantled after the Anschluss. After the Anschluss, Austria was annexed by Germany and waged a war, but had to suffer defeat again, and it was not until 1955 that the Air Force was established while being banned from possessing missiles. They used Swedish aircraft such as the Saab 29, Saab 105, and Saab 35, but for various political reasons, the EF2000 was introduced, which is still controversial due to its low performance and high cost.

β. Nations in this TT

Confoederatio Helvetica (Swiss Confederation)
Republik Österreich (Republic of Austria)
Republika Slovenija (Republic of Slovenia)
جمهورية تشاد (Republic of Chad)
República Oriental del Uruguay (Oriental Republic of Uruguay)

γ. Armaments

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Offensive/Defensive Armaments

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Flieger MG 29

The Flieger MG 29 is a machine gun designed by Swiss gunsmith Johann Adolf Furrer-Kägi. About 5,700 of these were produced, of which 1,614 were installed in aircraft.

Technical Data

Caliber: 7.45mm

Fire Rate: 1,100RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 780m/s

Doppel-MG

Doppel-MG, which means double machine gun, is a machine gun that combines two MG 29s. When mounted on the German Bf 109, the MG 17 had a 340 mm barrel spacing, but Doppel-MG only had 300 mm, so it was mounted with several modifications.

Technical Data

Caliber: 7.45mm

Fire Rate: Fire Rate: 2 × 1,100RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 780m/s

FN MAG 58P

This machine gun is mounted on the Uruguayan AT-92 in pairs tied to ETNA TMP-5 Gunpods.

Technical Data

Caliber: 7.62mm

Fire Rate: 740RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 1,030m/s

BREDA-SAFAT (.303 cal)

Light machine gun mounted on Italian aircraft belonging to the Austrian Air Force.

Technical Data

Caliber: 7.7mm

Fire Rate: 900RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 730m/s

AN/M2

The best-selling heavy machine gun mounted on the Mustang series.

Technical Data

Caliber: 12.7mm

Fire Rate: 850RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 890m/s

FN Herstal FN M3P

The FN M3P is an improved version of the M2 Browning made by FN Herstal.

Technical Data

Caliber: 12.7mm

Fire Rate: 1,100RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 880m/s

Breda-SAFAT (.50 cal)

Heavy machine gun mounted on Italian aircraft belonging to the Austrian Air Force.

Technical Data

Caliber: 12.7mm

Fire Rate: 700RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 765m/s

Flz Kan 37

Also called ‘Oerlikon FF-K Oe 37’. It’s the best-selling cannon made in Oerlikon, the version used by the Swiss Air Force.

Technical Data

Caliber: 20mm

Fire Rate: 280RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 830m/s

Flz Kan 48

Also called Hispano-Suiza HS.804 or Hispano Mk.V.

Technical Data

Caliber: 20mm

Fire Rate: 800RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 850m/s

Flz Kan 76

Also Called ‘M39A2/M39A3’.

Technical Data

Caliber: 20mm

Fire Rate: 1,500RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 1,030m/s

Flz Kan 92

Also called M61A1.

Technical Data

Caliber: 20mm

Fire Rate: 6,600RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 1,050

Flz Kan Hispano-Suiza

Autocannon mounted on D-3802A, D-3803, etc. There are three variants of this. 20mm Flugzeugmotorkanone Hispano-suiza FM-45 HS, 20mm Flugzeugflügelkanone Hispano-suiza FF-45 HS, 20mm Flugzeugbeobachterkanone Hispano-suiza FB-45 HS. The FM-45 HS is the engine cowling-mounted version, the FF-45 HS is wing-mounted, and the FB-45 HS is defensive armament.

Technical Data

Caliber: 20mm

Fire Rate: 700RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 830m/s

GIAT M621

Mounted in gunpod form on the Chadian PC-7.

Technical Data

Caliber: 20mm

Fire Rate: 740RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 1,030m/s

MG 131

The MG 131 is only equipped with the Me 109 G-6, G-14 and C-3604(Prot.C-601).

Technical Data

Caliber: 13mm

Fire Rate: 750RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 850m/s

MG 151/20

Autocannon mounted on later versions of the Me 109.

Technical Data

Caliber: 20mm

Fire Rate: 750RPM

Muzzle Velocity:700m/s

Mauser BK-27

Only the EF2000 of the Austrian Air Force is equipped with this cannon.

Technical Data

Caliber: 27mm

Fire Rate: 1,700RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 1,100m/s

Akan m/55

Also Called ‘ADEN Mk.4’. It’s a Offensive armament of Saab 35Ö and also mounted in Matra Sa-10 gunpod form on the Austrian Saab 105Ö.

Technical Data

Caliber: 30mm

Fire Rate: 1,500RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 795m/s

Flz Kan 58

Also Called ADEN.

Technical Data

Caliber: 30mm

Fire Rate: 1,200RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 810m/s

Flz Kan 65

Also Called DEFA 552A.

Offensive armament of Mirage Series.

Technical Data

Caliber: 30mm

Fire Rate: 1,300RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 840m/s

Hispano-Suiza HS.825

Offensive armament of P-16.04 Nr.2, P-16 Mk.II and P-16 Mk.III.

Technical Data

Caliber: 30mm

Fire Rate: 1,000RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 1,050m/s

Oerlikon 302RK

Offensive Armament of P-16.04 Nr.1

Technical Data

Caliber: 30mm

Fire Rate: 1,200RPM

Muzzle Velocity: 1,100m/s

Suspended Armaments

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Bomb

50kg Sprengbombe 37/59

The 50 kg Sprengbombe was introduced in the late 1930’s and modified several times. The empennage and the shape of the bomb body were changed. It could be dropped individually or from a bundle of four. It was the main armament for ground combat in the 1940s, but was superseded by the 200 kg and 400 kg Sprengbombe and was declared unfit for war in the late 1970s.

200kg Sprengbombe

The 200kg Sprengbombe has long been the main air-to-surface armament of Swiss fighters. Since the 60’s they have been fitted with anti-ricochet heads made of cast iron to keep bombs from bouncing off their targets.

225kg Sprengbombe 72/81

225kg Sprengbombe was developed for the Hunter, F-5, and A-7G Corsair II and Milan S 01 being tested. However, these were used only for testing and were not officially adopted.

400kg Sprengbombe

Developed in the fifties, this weapon was for some time the heaviest bomb in the Luftwaffe’s arsenal. They also had anti-ricochet heads from the 60’s.

400kg Feuerbombe(Napalmbombe)

Napalm (derived from naphthenic acid and palmitic acid) is gelled gasoline enriched with small amounts of aluminum salts of naphthenic acid and palmitic acid as a thickener in hydrocarbons. The 400 kg bomb was used with the Venom, attempts with the Hunter were unsuccessful, so the Hunter was not used.

450kg Sprengbombe 68/70

(Right side of picture)
Developed in the late 1960s, the 450 kg Sprengbombe was intended to replace the 400 kg bomb and not only be used with the Venom and Hunter, but also with the Mirage. It had a stepped bomb body, which should prevent ricochet on the ground.

450kg Panzerbombe 69/71

(Left side of picture)
The 450 kg Panzerbombe should also be used with Venom and Hunter, as well as with the Mirage. It had a bomb body with increased wall thickness in order to be able to penetrate the protective mantle of fortified targets.

Tiefabwurf-Streubombe 79/90(TABO 79/90, BL755)

Tiefabwurf-Streubobe 79 (TABO 79) is a BL755 cluster bomb operated by the Swiss Army. Initially used only by hunters, later upgraded to TABO 79/90 and used by two Tiger air-to-ground squadrons. Tiefabwurf-Streubombe 79 was decommissioned after Switzerland joined the Cluster Munitions Convention.

Rocket/Air-to-Ground Missile

68mm SNEB

SNEB is used only by the P-16. They are mounted up to 44 in MATRA rocket pods.

70mm Hydra 70

8cm Flz Rak Oe

The 8cm Oerlikon rocket has two warheads. HPz G (Hohlpanzergranate) is an anti-tank high-explosive warhead, and St G (Stahlgranate) is a high-explosive warhead.

Flz Lwf LB 66 ‘NORAS’ (AS.30 Nord)

Flz Lwf LB 82 ‘MAVERICK’ (AGM-65B)

Air-to-Air Missile

Flz Lwf LL 63 ‘SIWA’ (AIM-9B)

Flz Lwf LL 63/75 ‘SIWA’ (AIM-9E-3)

Flz Lwf LL 63/80 ‘SIWA’ (AIM-9P-3)

Flz Lwf LL 63/90 ‘SIWA’ (AIM-9P-4)

Flz Lwf LL 63/91 ‘SIWA’ (AIM-9P-5)

Flz lwf LL AIM-9X (AIM-9X)

Flz Lwf LL 64 ‘FALCO’ (Hughes HM-55S)

Flz Lwf 64/79 ‘FALCO’ (AIM-26B)

Flz Lwf LL 97 (AIM-120B)

Flz Lwf LL AMRAAM 120 C-7 (AIM-120C-7)

Tech Tree

α. CH/FR Fighter Line

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Rank 1

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Dewoitine D.27

The D.27 is a high-wing monoplane designed by Dewoitine. Only one served in the Swiss Army.

Offensive Armament

2 × 7.45mm Flieger MG 29

Suspended Armament

6 × 1.5kg Brandbombe?

Dewoitine D.27 III

A total of 65 Dewoitine D-27 IIIs were produced from 1930 to 1932. They all retired in 1944.

Offensive Armament

2 × 7.45mm Flieger MG 29

Suspended Armament

6 × 1.5kg Brandbombd?

Dewoitine D.27 IIIR

In 1932, 15 D.27 IIIs were upgraded to D.27 IIIRs with the new Hispano-Suiza HS 12Mc engines. However, these 12Mc engines were technically very unstable and eventually all 15 were recovered as D.27 IIIs.

Offensive Armament

2 × 7.45mm Flieger MG 29

Suspended Armament

6 × 1.5kg Brandbombe?

Rank 2

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Morane-Saulnier M.S.406H 《Morane》

The M.S.406H is a variant of the M.S.406 manufactured in France for Switzerland. Two were introduced in 1939 and retired in 1954. H stands for Helvetica, meaning Switzerland. The French did not want to share the technology of the HS.404, so the M.S.406 was only equipped with two machine guns.

Offensive Armament

2 × 7.45mm Flieger MG 29? (2 × 480)

Doflug D-3800 Morane

Doflug D-3800 is a fighter with 82 produced since 1940. Unlike the M.S.406H, it can carry six 8 cm Oerlikon rockets. They were retired in 1954.

Offensive Armament

20mm Flz Kan 37 (90)

2 × 7.45mm Flieger MG 29 (2 × 480)

Suspended Armament

6 × 8cm Flz Rak Oe

2 × 50kg Sprengbombe

Rank 3

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Doflug D-3801 《Morane》

D-3801 is the first variant of D-3800. They were fitted with a new engine which brought the maximum speed to 535 km/h. They were retired in 1959 with 207 built.

Offensive Armament

20mm Flz Kan 37 (90)

2 × 7.45mm Flieger MG 29 (2 × 480)

Suspended Armament

6 × 8cm Flz Rak Oe

2 × 50kg Sprengbombe

Doflug D-3802A 《Morane》

The D-3802A is the second production variant of the D-3800. They were fitted with new YS-2 engines, which increased their top speed again, and their armament was upgraded to three Hispano 404s. Eleven of them were produced and retired in 1956.

Offensive Armament

3 × 20mm Flz Kan Hispano-Suiza (140 + 2× 90)

Suspended Armament

6 × 8cm Flz Rak Oe

4 × 50kg Sprengbombe

2 × 200kg Sprengbombe

Others

210L Drop Tank

Rank 4

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Doflug D-3803 《Morane》

The D-3803 is the last variant of the D-3800 series, slightly superior to the D-3802A in all areas, including top speed and rate of climb. Only one was built and was retired in 1956.

Offensive Armament

3 × 20mm Flz Kan Hispano-Suiza (140 + 2 × 90)

Suspended Armament

16 × 8cm Flz Rak Oe

4 × 50kg Sprengbombe

2 × 200kg Sprengbombe

Others

210L Drop Tank

Rank 5

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EFW N-20.10 《Aiguillon》

The Swiss aircraft factory in Emmen developed the N-20 Aiguillon fighter between 1948 and 1952. In May 1948 the Gebrüder Sulzer AG company was ordered to develop the Swiss Mamba SM-01 engine for the N-20 aircraft. The aircraft included a number of innovative equipment, including delta wings, four Swiss Mamba SM-01 engines in airflow wings, afterburner, drag chute, interchangeable set-in weapon trays, air-conditioned enclosed cockpit and pilot parachute. Autocannons, unguided rockets and bombs were provided for armament. It was assumed that it would achieve top speeds in the supersonic range (1200 km/h).

Offensive Armament (Planned)

2 × 20mm Flz Kan 48 (2 × 200)

Suspended Armament (Planned)

16 × 50kg Sprengbombe

36 × 8.7cm Rocket

4 × 30mm Hispano-Suiza HS.825 (4 × 120)

Avionics (Planned)

24 × Flare

Others (Planned)

4 × K24 Camera

500L Additional Fuel Tank

EFW N-20.11 《Aiguillon》

EFW’s plan was to use the SM-05 engine, but development was difficult, and the SM-03 engine, which was more advanced than the SM-01, was produced for testing. One SM-03 engine was produced, but was not installed on the N-20 due to the cancellation of the project.

Offensive Armament (Planned)

2 × 20mm Flz Kan 48 (2 × 200)

Suspended Armament (Planned)

16 × 50kg Sprengbombe

36 × 8.7cm Rocket

4 × 30mm Hispano-Suiza HS.825 (4 × 120)

Avionics (Planned)

24 × Flare

Others (Planned)

4 × K24 Camera

500L Additional Fuel Tank

Rank 6

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Dassault Mirage IIIC 《MIRO》

One Mirage IIIC imported before Switzerland introduced the Mirage IIIS.

Offensive Armament

2 × 30mm Flz Kan 65 (2 × 125)

Suspended Armament

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63/75 ‘SIWA’

Flz Lwf LB 66 ‘NORAS’

Avionics

Cyrano I bis Radar System

Others

2 × 500L Drop Tank

Rank 7

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Dassault Mirage IIIS 《MIRO》

In 1957, Switzerland conducted an aircraft evaluation for the introduction of a new aircraft. The G.91YS from Italy and the SAAB 35H from Sweden were included in this evaluation, but the Mirage III from France was ultimately chosen. In 1962, the Swiss Parliament granted a loan of 871 million Swiss francs to produce a total of 100 Mirage IIIS, IIIBS and IIIRS. However, the introduction of Mirage has not been smooth. Switzerland licenses the Mirages to sustain domestic aircraft manufacturers (F+W Emmen, etc.), and several modifications have been made to suit the Swiss environment, resulting in additional loan requests of more than CHF 576 million. Parliament initially rejected this, but eventually approved only CHF 150 million, reducing the number of units introduced from 100 to 57. This incident is the ‘Mirage Affair’. From 1988 to 1992, Mirage IIISs are upgraded to Mirage IIIS C.70.

Offensive Armament

2 × 30mm Flz Kan 65 (2 × 125)

Suspended Armament

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63/75 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63/80 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63/90 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63/91 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 64 ‘FALCO’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 64/79 ‘FALCO’

Flz Lwf LB 66 ‘NORAS’

2 × 450kg Panzerbombe

2 × 450kg Sprengbombe

Avionics

Taran-18 Radar System

Others

2× 500L Drop Tank

730L Drop Tank

1,100L Drop Tank

SEPR 841

RATO System

Dassault Mirage IIIS C.70 《MIRO》

From 1988 to 1992 the Mirage III was upgraded to the Mirage IIIS C.70. This version was fitted with a canard made by RUAG, a new ejection seat from Martin-Baker, and an AN/ALE-40 chaff/flare dispenser. These Mirages were last retired at the Mirage '99 event in 1999.

Offensive Armament

2 × 30mm Flz Kan 65 (2 × 125)

Suspended Armament

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63/75 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63/80 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63/90 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 63/91 ‘SIWA’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 64 ‘FALCO’

2 × Flz Lwf LL 64/79 ‘FALCO’

Flz Lwf LB 66 ‘NORAS’

2 × 450kg Panzerbombe

2 × 450kg Sprengbombe

Avionics

Taran-18 Radar System

IP-1310/ALR RWR

AN/ALE-40 Dispenser (15 × Flare + 30 × Chaff)

Others

2 × 500L Drop Tank

730L Drop Tank

1,100L Drop Tank

SEPR 841

RATO System