That is exactly how turboprops work!
the A2D-1 had about 180lb thrust from its exhaust. The Wyvern Armstrong Siddeley Python generated an impressive 1100lb exhaust thrust
The propellor never absorbs all the energy generated by an engine, so if the exhaust is designed properly (ie to not impede the exhaust flow) then that energy is in the exhaust gasses and contributes power.
Spitfire “ejector stacks” were designed to so so - eg see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2hZql6tD7c