History
Initially, the B-25D was simply the B-25C manufactured in Kansas City. On September 28, 1940, the Army ordered large numbers of the updated Mitchell, incorporating modifications based on combat experience. However, it soon became clear that North American’s Inglewood facility could not meet demand for both the Mitchell and the P-51 Mustang. To resolve this, the company established outdoor assembly lines and opened an additional plant in Kansas City, Kansas.
The California-built version was designated B-25C, while the Kansas-built version was designated B-25D. An initial order for 1,200 B-25Ds was approved on June 28, 1941, and production began in late 1942. The first B-25D rolled out just before Christmas of that year and was formally accepted in February 1943. While B-25C production ended in May 1943, B-25D production continued until March 1944, with successive production blocks introducing incremental improvements.
The first production block, the B-25D-1, added external wing racks capable of carrying six to eight bombs weighing between 100 and 325 pounds. Additional self-sealing tanks were fitted in the outer wing panels, increasing fuel capacity and range. Other changes included carburetor air filters, self-sealing oil tanks, torpedo racks, and revised engine exhausts.
The B-25D-5 replaced the .30-caliber nose gun with two fixed .50-caliber guns and a single flexible .50-caliber gun, an improvement over the B-25C’s single fixed .50-caliber weapon. It also featured an improved scanning lens for the sighting system for the retractable ventral turret and introduced Bendix Amplidyne turrets, which used a different electrical power system.
Later production blocks introduced further refinements. The B-25D-10 and -15 incorporated minor changes, while the B-25D-15 added a clear-vision windshield and extra armor behind the copilot. The B-25D-20, -25, -30, and -35 introduced additional small improvements, with the final version accepted as the B-25D-35-NA.
Ultimately, 2,290 B-25Ds were produced in total during the production run, and all changes incorporated into the B-25D model meant added weight. Despite being powered by an improved powerplant, the top speed was restricted to around 280 mph.
Many B-25C/Ds were sent to the Pacific, and some of those were converted into strafers for anti-shipping missions. Bombsights were removed from the nose, replaced by fixed forward-firing machine guns, with some aircraft fitted with gun packs on the fuselage sides. Ventral turrets were often removed, and additional guns were mounted in the waist and tail. These field modifications laid the foundation for the factory-built B-25G, armed with a 75 mm cannon, followed by the even more heavily armed B-25H and B-25J gunship variants.
In the Mediterranean, similar modifications were carried out. For example, the 321st Bombardment Group had 57 of its B-25Cs and Ds modified at a depot in Georgia before being shipped overseas. The ventral turret was eliminated and faired over, waist gun positions were cut into the fuselage, and a flexible tail gun was installed. Additional armor plating was added beneath the pilots’ seats, around the waist positions, and in the tail. More aircraft were modified at Sidi Ahmed Air Base in Bizerte. In total, more than 300 B-25Cs and Ds from the 12th, 310th, 321st, and 340th Bombardment Groups were brought up to this standard, serving from Tunisia through to the final German surrender in northern Italy. These modifications were later incorporated into the factory-built B-25H and J models.