The monkey models stuff is a bit of a misnomer. I wouldn’t say it’s very true that it fought “most” of its battles against non-peer opponents. Outside of the misinformation spread by US “evaluations” of the type, I think the primary reason the MiG-23 is generally percieved poorly as a fighter is due to online perceptions of the type’s K/D ratio, which, of course, idiots on the internet think matters for some reason. The online perception of this metric for the MiG-23 comes from various avenues, but it always seems to come down to the same source: MiGFlug’s combat statistics article
This article is deeply flawed in general, but there are two primary causes of MiG-23’s low ratio here.
One of them is, indeed, primarily due to downgraded export models in combination with poor tactics and planning in combination with an opponent who was both the most competent in the world at the time, and armed with the best fighters in the world at the time, both by a pretty good margin. This is the article’s “1:30” record for the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
But it’s always struck me wrong that people, because of this, claim that the MiG-23’s export history is the reason for its poor perception, because the whole “downgraded export model operated by a substandard air force against the best equipped and trained air force in the world” story repeated so often is literally only true for this one instance, which is almost entirely the result of a single highly successful SEAD operation over the course of one day, because that was one day.
It absolutely was not most of its battles, the vast majority of fights the MiG-23 was presented with throughout its career were against, relatively speaking, peer opponents; F-4s, F-5s, Mirage IIIs, Mirage Vs, and Mirage F1s. It universally showed itself well against these. Even the MiG-23MS, downgraded to apocalyptic proportions, showed itself well against Iranian F-5s. You mention “top notch” F-4 variants, but the MiG-23 at no point ever had to fight these. Invariably, outside of Recce and EW variants, the MiG-23 faced down F-4Es and only F-4Es. Even compared to an F-4S, the MiG-23’s only real disadvantage is the smaller BVR weapons load; the Sapfir-23 was broadly comparable in performance to the AN/APG-59, and the MiG-23 was generally either as agile as or more agile than an F-4, depending on which variant of which plane. Compared to the Mirage F1, the only genuine “Western” contemporary to the MiG-23, the situation was similar, outside of the fact that the MiG-23’s radar was flatly better than the Cyrano set.
The more significant reason for the perception of the MiG-23’s record is the way low-quality sources group the MiG-23 family. Without fail, sources such as the MiGFlug article group the entire family together; anything labelled “MiG-23” is a MiG-23. This is despite the fact that the MiG-23BN is not a tactical fighter, but instead is a strike aircraft with no A-A provisions of any kind unless fitted, according to some sources, with R-3S.
According to MiGFlug, the MiG-23’s record in the Iran-Iraq war was 16-56. Taking this at face value, if you remove the MiG-23BN, this figure is instead 16-5. Being as generous as possible, the MiG-23M scored a record of 20-5, while being as conservative as possible it scored 7-5 in this conflict. Either way, the effect this has to pollute the record is hard to overstate; even taking everything else on the list at face value (do not do this, it’s a horrible list), it literally doubles the MiG-23’s losses. And that’s on top of those losses already having been more than doubled by the losses over Lebanon to Israel. And that’s on top of those losses already having been significantly inflated by losses to the coalition in Desert Storm.
The MiG-23 was widely exported and very successful, and most of its service was against peer opponents. Against these, it did very well, having a markedly low loss rate and a high effectiveness in air combat. While the MiG-23MF did see good export and combat success, the MiG-23ML, MLA, and MLD all did as well, and a very significant portion of these exports was these “full spec” ML+ variants. It’s a misnomer to say it fought most of its battles in downgraded form piloted by subpar air forces against the best the world had to offer; it fought two of its battles (not counting Gulf of Sidra, which was not a battle but an unprovoked attack on MiG-23s that were not there to fight) like this, and the vast majority of the rest of them were fair fights it showed itself well in.
The perceptions run afoul of this in terms of ratio by focusing on the disproportionate losses of the fights against newer and better opponents, and then on top of that failing to recognize the MiG-23B’s distinction as a type from the MiG-23M, being better grouped in with the MiG-27.
Also I don’t think you need to be defensive about implying positive things about the USSR. The USSR saw an unprecedentedly long period of peace and stability in a region historically prone to constant violence. It was undemocratically dissolved, and its dissolution saw an apocalyptic humanitarian disaster in the region. Russia loves to pretend it was responsible for that, loves to imagine it once had an empire, but the USSR was an internationalist project, and equating Russia and the USSR does nothing but make Russian nationalists who want to take credit for its achievements happy. It especially erases the myriad scientific and industrial achievements of the Ukrainian SSR, which was a center of huge developmental efforts for much of its life