I don’t know, but I believe the American NERA isn’t designed to fight against APFSDS, unlike the Russian ERA. I think they’re only good against HEAT, but I can’t say for sure.
Original composite from the 70s and 80s most likely but I highly doubt that it wasn’t improved after all this time to be more effective against Kinetic threats
No - it doesn’t exist according to our illustrious Comrade. Someone needs to tell the Museum/Collection that they’ve got an illusion taking up exhibition space.
I don’t know, for example, at least to me, NATO countries never seem to have had much faith in heavy ERA; they prefer to prioritize other means of improving the survivability of their vehicles, and this may also be due to their experience with tanks. Russia/USSR, on the other hand, preferred heavy ERA that was effective against APFSDS penetrators but also effective against HEAT munitions, due to the terrain where their MBTs operate and the difference in doctrines.
Heavy ERA has some rather unpleasant side effects for any infantry in close proximity, plus it tends to make a royal mess of anything external (sensors, aerials) to the tank if it isn’t installed absolutely perfectly.
Think about it - you are blasting an array of metal out of the tank into the oncoming projectile. Like most explosives it will also chemically degrade with time, so older modules can be a bit…erm…unpredictable.
They are designed to protect the right vehicle, so what’s the problem? And modern combat has changed; you won’t see large mechanized columns anymore, they will be attacked by drones, nor by large concentrations of troops.
especially in urban environments tanks absolutely need an infantry screen, which is a problem when the tank is covered in heavy ERA that can kill its own infantry support if something hits it
The problem is the sodding great lumps of high-velocity metal that are flying out from a detonating ERA array. It doesn’t just vanish or go away once it has done it’s job.
Anything within a decent distance, supporting infantry (yes, infantry are needed to support tanks), soft-skin vehicles, even MT-LBs which are barely rated proof against small arms fire - is at tremendous risk of being cut to bits.
If anything, it is even worse in the drone age. Your nice ERA blast will probably sever any tethered drones on your vehicle and bugger up the EW/ECM gear on any vehicle that gets too close…