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PT-91 Twardy: Complete Evolution of the T-72M1
PT-91 Twardy 9th Armored Cavalry Brigade on display. Note the Obra-1 LWS cylinders on the turret cheeks and behind the smoke launchers.
- Description :
- Developed in 1991 by the Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy Urządzeń Mechanicznych and produced in 1995 (until 2009) by the Bumar Łabędy Company, the PT-91 Twardy is a Main Battle Tank designed to replace the T-72 series tanks left over from the Soviet Union. Created from the failed “Wilk” program, the PT-91 is a heavily modified T-72M1 that implemented a new DRAWA-1 fire control system, new ERWA-1 and ERWA-2 reactive armor, new engine, transmission, and new autoloader with a rate of fire of 8-10rds per minute. Remaining T-72’s in Polish service are due to be upgraded to the PT-91 Twardy standard. The PT-91 is still in service and compliments the Leopard 2PL and the new M1A2 SEPv3 main battle tanks. The PT-91 also continues to receive minor upgrades such as the replacement of the original gunner sight with the Elbit Systems TES sight, with another replacement being the ZMKT System w/ KLW-1 Thermal Camera. Roughly 285 produced and some are in service. Current plans to upgrade PT-91 Twardy’s to the M2 standard. Between June and July, many of Poland’s PT-91 Twardy’s, possibly more than 100 along with other vehicles like the T-72M1R, were donated to support Ukraine’s Army.
- Armament:
- Primary: 125mm 2A46M Smoothbore Gun (w/ 42rd, 22 in autoloader carousel)
- Rounds:
- 3BM15 APFSDS-T (Primary)
- 3BM9 APFSDS-T (Training)
- 125mm APFSDS-T “Ryś” (Supplementary)
- 3BK18M HEAT-FT
- 3OF26 HE-FRAG
- Elevation/Depression: +13/-6
- Rounds:
- Coaxial: 7.62mm PKT GPMG (1,000rd belts, 2,000rds total)
- Secondary: 12.7mm NVST HMG (300rds)
- Primary: 125mm 2A46M Smoothbore Gun (w/ 42rd, 22 in autoloader carousel)
- Maneuverability:
- Engine: 850hp PZL-Wola S-12U Diesel Engine
- Transmission: Synchromesh Manual, 7-Forward, 1-Reverse
- Chassis: Torsion Bar
- Max Speed: 60km/h
- Dimensions:
- Length: 6.86m (9.53m w/ gun)
- Width: 3.59m
- Height: 2.19m
- Weight: 45.3 tons
- Crew (3x):
- Commander
- Gunner
- Driver
- Accessories:
- Laser Warning System (SSC-1 Obra-1)
- 24x 81mm 902A ZM Dezamet Smoke Grenade Launchers
- Laser Rangefinder
- ESS
- 3rd-generation Thermal Imager:
- KLW-1 Thermal Camera
- NVD:
- Driver: PNK-72 Night Vision Periscope
- Commander: POD-72 Day/Night Sight
- Sources:
- http://www.military-today.com/tanks/pt91_twardy.htm
- PT-91 Twardy MBT (1993)
- https://www.army-technology.com/projects/twardymainbattletank/
- https://www.armyrecognition.com/poland_polish_tanks_heavy_armoured_vehicles_uk/pt-91_twardy_main_battle_tank_technical_data_sheet_specifications_description_information_pictures.html
- 125mm APFSDS-T w WP - dramat i fikcja - Wolski O Wojnie
- http://btvt.info/4ourarticles/erawa/ERAWA.htm (ERWA)
- http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product5391.html (ZKMT Thermal System)
- http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product3780.html (Obra LWS)
- https://pcosa.com.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/katalog-PCO-eng-web.pdf (Optics, Page 38 & 46)
- http://pzo.warszawa.pl/en/offer/optoelectronics-for-tanks/pt-91/ (Optics)
Imagery
Spoiler
PT-91 Twardy on parade.
PT91 Twardy’s maneuvering.
Rear of the PT-91 Twardy.
PT-91 Twardy maneuvering. Note: This unit is equipped with side skirts.
SCC-1 Obra-1 LWS used on the PT-91 Twardy.
KLW-1 Thermal Camera (and specifications) used by the Gunner.
ERWA-2 Armor layout. Note the last picture is ERWA-2 hit with 120mm DM33 APFSDS-T without penetration.
125mm APFSDS-T “Ryś” round characteristics.