SARH vs ARH
The only relevant factors are multipath and the requirement for a constant lock (ARHs are affected by the former)
So, then the simple fact that you need a constant (or in the case of the R-27ER only a terminal) lock instantly makes them weaker than any ARH missile?
Let’s take the only currently implemented ARH, the AIM-54
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It is up to 1.45 mach slower than the R-27ER
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It pulls half as hard
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It theoretically out-ranges the R-27ER (but maps are too small for this to be relevant)
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It can guide the last ~16km to the target autonomously** assuming the target hasn’t deviated somewhat from its last known TWS vector
R-27R vs AIM-7e2
These missiles aren’t even close to comparable, one is a sophisticated 1980s design with inertial navigation, while the other is a Frankensteined dogfight missile from the 1960s
Making the Airframe
Except the Su-27 is a functional airframe.
MiG_23M has been incredibly helpful on the AIM-120 page and has done several tests on both missiles. I trust his results and would encourage you to take a look if you disagree
AIM-120A/B (Which are functionally identical as far as the game is concerned) Has nearly half the range of the R-27ER.
At 60km (The AIM-120A/B’s maximum* range) the R-27ER likely beats it to target by ~18-20 seconds, so the active seeker is irrelevant because the R-27ER will kill the launching aircraft before the missile can achieve an independent track. It can then go evasive and dodge the missile effortlessly
Maneuverability is similar too, with the AIM-120 doing ~35g (presumably single plane) while the R27s do 35g as well
AIM-120s can’t track a target until <~20km (real distance is unknown and thus can only be guesstimated)
So the launching aircraft has to maintain a TWS track (stay hot) until the missile goes Pitbull, or it falls back onto inertial navigation and can easily be evaded by simple defensive flying.
AIM-120A/B simply aren’t as effective as you seem to think they would be. They’re out-ranged and out-accelerated by R-27ER. They aren’t ‘fire and forget’ at medium to long range, they simply aren’t all that special.