Other
± [Bourbon] Kingdom of Spain (1874-1931) - [Second] Spanish Republic (1931-1939) - Spanish State
± Kingdom of Yugoslavia
± [First] Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889-1930) - [Second] Republic of the United States of Brazil (1930-1937) - [Third] Republic of the United States of Brazil (1937-1946)
± [First] Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938)
± [First] Republic of Estonia (1918-1934) - [Päts/Second] Republic of Estonia (1934-1940)
± [First] Republic of Latvia (1918-1934) - [Ulmanis/Second] Republic of Latvia (1934-1940)
± [Second] Republic of Poland (1918-1926) - [Sanation/Third] Republic of Poland (1926-1939)
Spanish Vehicles
MEDIUM TANKS
Schneider CA1
General
Name(s):
Carro de Asalto Schneider M16
Type:
Medium tank
Status:
Imported
Derived From:
None
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
400
Production Date:
1916-08/1918
Producer(s):
French Republic
400
1916-08/1918
SOMUA
400
1916-08/1918
Used:
6
Service Date:
1916-1918
User(s):
Ejército de Española (Spanish Army)
1921-1931
Ejército de la República Española (Spanish Republican Army)
1936-???
Bando Nacional (Nationalist Faction)
1936-???
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Ejército de Española (Spanish Army)
Ejército de África
1922-1929
↓/↓↓Transferred↓↓/↓
RLCC N° 1
1929-1931
↓↓↓Revolution↓↓↓
RLCC N° 2
1929-1931
↓↓↓Revolution↓↓↓
Ejército de la República Española (Spanish Republican Army)
Summary
The Schneider CA1 was the competitor against the Saint-Chamond and ultimately a disappointment. They were first deployed in 1917 and were already considered obsolete in 1918, but would still serve until the last day of the war nonetheless. However, due to their production being suspended to focus on the production of the Renault FT and their obsolescence, they were decommissioned just after the war. However, they would see service within the Italian and Spanish armies up until the mid 1930s.
Variants & Changes:
1921: Hotchkiss machine guns rechambered for Spanish 7x57 mm Mauser.
1922-1929: Some tanks were modified with an additional two machine guns, one in the rear doors and the other in front of the driver’s position.
1922-1929: Most tanks were modified with radio antenna on the back and rear of the vehicles.
1922-1929: One vehicle, No. 6, modified with a headlamp and a “cage” atop the roof.
M16 No. 6 with the headlamp and roof “cage” visible.
Yugoslav Vehicles
LIGHT TANKS
Renault FT
General
Name(s):
Renault FT borna Kola
Type:
Light tank
Status:
Imported
Derived From:
None
Derivatives:
Renault M-28
Produced:
3,728
Production Date:
7/1918-10/10/1918
Producer(s):
French Republic
3,728 (all models)
1917-1919
Renault S.A
1,850~
???
Berliet
800~
???
SOMUA
600~
???
Delaunay-Belleville
280~
???
Used:
35-45~
Service Date:
1929-1941
User(s):
Jugoslovenska vojska (Yugoslav Army)
1929-1941
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Jugoslovenska vojska (Yugoslav Army)
1. Tenkovski Bataljon
1922-1929
Destroyed
Dimensions
Weight:
6.7 t
Ground Pressure:
0.5 kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.0 m
1.74 m
2.14 m
Ground Clearance:
43 cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37 S.A. mle 1918 (233)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+360° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -2°/+35° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
OR 37 mle 1892
APHE
0.5 kg/15 g F3, 14 mm @ 388 m/s
OE 37 mle 1916
HE
0.56 kg/30 g Melinite, 6 mm @ 365 m/s
OE 37 mle 1888M
HE
0.455 kg/22 g F3, 5 mm @ 402 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ??? telescopic
Sight
??x zoom, for 37 S.A. mle 1918
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret front
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret side
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret rear
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ ???°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ ???°
RHA
Crew
2
Total
1
Commander, Gunner, Gun Loader
1
Driver
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
95 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Renault
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
29 kW
@ RPM
1,500
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
4.5 l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Sliding 4-speed
4
1
Steering:
Clutch-break
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Vertical spring
Road wheels:
9/4
Type:
Rigid non-spaced
Idlers:
Front track
Return rollers:
6
Type:
Rigid spaced
Drive Sprockets:
2
Type:
15-tooth rear drive
Tracks
Type:
Continuous linked steel
Shoes:
32
Length:
??? cm
Width:
34 cm
Pitch:
??? cm
Depth:
??? cm
Ground Contact:
2 m
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
8.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
4.3 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
26.5°
Maximum Trench:
1.35 m
Maximum Wall:
0.6 m
Maximum Fording:
70 cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
60 km
Mileage:
158 l/100 km
Summary
The Renault FT was the first tank used by the Yugoslav army, alongside the Renault M-28. They served in the 1st Tank Battalion and saw service from 1929, when they were first purchased, to 1941, when Yugoslavia fell to the Tripartite onslaught. Around 14 Polish Renault FTs were imported in 1932 as part of a larger arms agreement. However, the Renault FT faired rather poorly in Yugoslav service. Due to its lack of mobility, it suffered in the rugged terrain of the Balkans. Furthermore, it was outdated upon being purchased and all of the tanks were showing their age in their maintenance. It thus came as no surprise that of the three Renault FT companies, only one of them is known to have actually fought back the German-Italian-Hungarian advance, and had most of its unit destroyed by a combined force of German bombers and tanks.
After the occupation of Yugoslavia, the tanks were inducted into either the German army or the newly formed Croatian army.
Variants & Changes:
None
Renault M-28
General
Name(s):
Renault M-28 borna Kola
Type:
Light tank
Status:
Imported
Derived From:
Renault FT
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
???
Production Date:
???
Producer(s):
French Republic
???
???
???
???
???
Used:
10-20~
Service Date:
1929-1941
User(s):
Jugoslovenska vojska (Yugoslav Army)
1929-1941
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Jugoslovenska vojska (Yugoslav Army)
1. Tenkovski Bataljon
1922-1929
Destroyed
Dimensions
Weight:
6.7 t
Ground Pressure:
0.5 kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.0 m
1.74 m
2.14 m
Ground Clearance:
43 cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37 S.A. mle 1918 (233)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+360° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -2°/+35° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
OR 37 mle 1892
APHE
0.5 kg/15 g F3, 14 mm @ 388 m/s
OE 37 mle 1916
HE
0.56 kg/30 g Melinite, 6 mm @ 365 m/s
OE 37 mle 1888M
HE
0.455 kg/22 g F3, 5 mm @ 402 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ??? telescopic
Sight
??x zoom, for 37 S.A. mle 1918
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret front
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret side
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret rear
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ ???°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ ???°
RHA
Crew
2
Total
1
Commander, Gunner, Gun Loader
1
Driver
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
95 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Renault
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
29 kW
@ RPM
1,500
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
4.5 l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Sliding 4-speed
4
1
Steering:
Clutch-break
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Vertical spring
Road wheels:
9/4
Type:
Rigid non-spaced
Idlers:
Front track
Return rollers:
6
Type:
Rigid spaced
Drive Sprockets:
2
Type:
Wheeled rear drive
Tracks
Type:
Continuous linked rubber
Shoes:
32
Length:
??? cm
Width:
34 cm
Pitch:
??? cm
Depth:
??? cm
Ground Contact:
2 m
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
13.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
4.3 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
26.5°
Maximum Trench:
1.35 m
Maximum Wall:
0.6 m
Maximum Fording:
70 cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
60 km
Mileage:
158 l/100 km
Summary
The Renault M-28 was the first tank used by the Yugoslav army, alongside the Renault FT. They served in the 1st Tank Battalion and saw service from 1929, when they were first purchased, to 1941, when Yugoslavia fell to the Tripartite onslaught. However, the Renault M-28 faired rather poorly in Yugoslav service. Due to its lack of mobility, it suffered in the rugged terrain of the Balkans. Furthermore, it was outdated upon being purchased and all of the tanks were showing their age in their maintenance. It thus came as no surprise that of the three Renault FT companies, only one of them is known to have actually fought back the German-Italian-Hungarian advance, and had most of its unit destroyed by a combined force of German bombers and tanks.
After the occupation of Yugoslavia, the tanks were inducted into the German army.
Brazilian Vehicles
LIGHT TANKS
Renault FT
General
Name(s):
Carro de assalto Renault FT
Type:
Light tank
Status:
Imported
Derived From:
None
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
3,728
Production Date:
7/1918-10/10/1918
Producer(s):
French Republic
3,728 (all models)
1917-1919
Renault S.A
1,850~
???
Berliet
800~
???
SOMUA
600~
???
Delaunay-Belleville
280~
???
Used:
40
Service Date:
1921-1942
User(s):
Exército Brasileiro (Brazilian Army)
1921-1942
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Exército Brasileiro (Brazilian Army)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
6.7 t
Ground Pressure:
0.5 kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.0 m
1.74 m
2.14 m
Ground Clearance:
43 cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37 S.A. mle 1918 (233)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+360° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -2°/+35° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
OR 37 mle 1892
APHE
0.5 kg/15 g F3, 14 mm @ 388 m/s
OE 37 mle 1916
HE
0.56 kg/30 g Melinite, 6 mm @ 365 m/s
OE 37 mle 1888M
HE
0.455 kg/22 g F3, 5 mm @ 402 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ??? telescopic
Sight
??x zoom, for 37 S.A. mle 1918
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret front
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret side
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret rear
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ ???°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ ???°
RHA
Crew
2
Total
1
Commander, Gunner, Gun Loader
1
Driver
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
95 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Renault
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
29 kW
@ RPM
1,500
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
4.5 l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Sliding 4-speed
4
1
Steering:
Clutch-break
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Vertical spring
Road wheels:
9/4
Type:
Rigid non-spaced
Idlers:
Front track
Return rollers:
6
Type:
Rigid spaced
Drive Sprockets:
2
Type:
15-tooth rear drive
Tracks
Type:
Continuous linked steel
Shoes:
32
Length:
??? cm
Width:
34 cm
Pitch:
??? cm
Depth:
??? cm
Ground Contact:
2 m
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
8.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
4.3 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
26.5°
Maximum Trench:
1.35 m
Maximum Wall:
0.6 m
Maximum Fording:
70 cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
60 km
Mileage:
158 l/100 km
Summary
Twelve Renault FT were imported in 1921, of which six were cannon-armed, five were machine gun armed, and one was a TSF command tank. A further 28 tanks would be purchased later, bringing the total number of Renault FT in the Brazilian Army up to 40 which would serve as their main battle tank until the 1940s. Their only notable military confrontations were against Brazilians themselves, as they served throughout the 1924, 1930, and 1932 revolutions. They would later be replaced as frontline tanks in 1934 by CV-35 tanks and then retired from service in 1942 upon the importation of modern American tanks.
Variants & Changes:
None
Czechoslovak Vehicles
LIGHT TANKS
Renault FT
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Light tank
Status:
Imported
Derived From:
None
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
3,728
Production Date:
7/1918-10/10/1918
Producer(s):
French Republic
3,728 (all models)
1917-1919
Renault S.A
1,850~
???
Berliet
800~
???
SOMUA
600~
???
Delaunay-Belleville
280~
???
Used:
7
Service Date:
1921-1933
User(s):
Československá armáda (Czechoslovak Army)
1921-1933
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Československá armáda (Czechoslovak Army)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
6.7 t
Ground Pressure:
0.5 kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.0 m
1.74 m
2.14 m
Ground Clearance:
43 cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37 S.A. mle 1918 (233)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+360° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -2°/+35° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
OR 37 mle 1892
APHE
0.5 kg/15 g F3, 14 mm @ 388 m/s
OE 37 mle 1916
HE
0.56 kg/30 g Melinite, 6 mm @ 365 m/s
OE 37 mle 1888M
HE
0.455 kg/22 g F3, 5 mm @ 402 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ??? telescopic
Sight
??x zoom, for 37 S.A. mle 1918
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret front
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret side
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret rear
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ ???°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ ???°
RHA
Crew
2
Total
1
Commander, Gunner, Gun Loader
1
Driver
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
95 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Renault
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
29 kW
@ RPM
1,500
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
4.5 l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Sliding 4-speed
4
1
Steering:
Clutch-break
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Vertical spring
Road wheels:
9/4
Type:
Rigid non-spaced
Idlers:
Front track
Return rollers:
6
Type:
Rigid spaced
Drive Sprockets:
2
Type:
15-tooth rear drive
Tracks
Type:
Continuous linked steel
Shoes:
32
Length:
??? cm
Width:
34 cm
Pitch:
??? cm
Depth:
??? cm
Ground Contact:
2 m
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
8.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
4.3 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
26.5°
Maximum Trench:
1.35 m
Maximum Wall:
0.6 m
Maximum Fording:
70 cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
60 km
Mileage:
158 l/100 km
Summary
While the infantile Czechoslovak army had been attempting to purchase French tanks since 1919, it wasn’t until 1921 that a single cannon-equipped Renault FT was finally ordered and not until the start of 1922 that said Renault FT was tested and adopted into service. Four more were purchased in 1923, two with cannons and two with machine guns; and a final two were purchased in 1924, consisting of one cannon tank and one unarmed radio command tank. They were initially numbered 51 to 57 before the numbers were replaced by registration numbers. They saw service until 1938, in a rare example of a postwar Renault FT user acquiring a large enough modern tank force that they became unnecessary in their armored forces; and were then placed in storage or museums after their retirement.
Variants & Changes:
None
Estonian Vehicles
ARMORED CARS
Estonia
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Armored car
Status:
Prototype
Derived From:
Federal Motor Truck Company 3-ton
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
1
Production Date:
1918
Producer(s):
Estonian Provisional Government
1
1918
Tallinn Harbor Factory
1
1918
Used:
1
Service Date:
1918-1940
User(s):
Kaitseliit (Defense League)
1918-1920
Maavägi (Army)
1920-1940
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Kaitseliit (Defense League)
???
Maavägi (Army)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
??? t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
??? m
??? m
??? m
Ground Clearance:
??? cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37-mm Hotchkiss (???)
Turret, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
2 x
7,62-mm PM obr. 1910 g. (???)
Rear Sponsons, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
600 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
Steel fragmentation
APHE
0.5 kg/40 g ???, 15 mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron Hotchkiss
HE
0.5 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron fragmentation
HE
0.51 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister
Cn
??? kg/75 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister short
Cn
0.51 kg/50 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ???
Sight
??x zoom,for 37-mm Hotchkiss
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
??? mm @ ??°
Ship Steel
Sidewards
All side
??? mm @ ??°
Ship Steel
Rearwards
All rear
??? mm @ ??°
Ship Steel
Crew
??
Total
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
??? l
Engine(s):
1 x - ???
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
??? kW
@ RPM
???
Cylinder:
???
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
???
??
??
Steering:
???
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
???
Road wheels:
???
Type:
???
Steering:
???
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
15.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
??? kW/t
Maximum Grade:
??°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
??? km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
Summary
The “Estonia” was the first of the two initial experimental armored cars produced by Estonia, alongside the armored car “Tasuja.” It was deployed to the front in 1919 but due to a combination of its heavy weight, largely due to the warship steel that composed its armor, and relatively underpowered chassis, it lacked the mobility to move in the winter environments and was thus restricted to Tallinn until the summer when it was deployed to Narva against the Bolsheviks. Later, it saw operations against the Freikorps and the Bolsheviks in Latvia. It saw service through to 1940, when it Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union.
Variants & Changes:
1919: It was apparently rebuilt during spring of 1919 to lighten its weight, but I can find no photographs of its prior appearance (the photograph above is a photograph of it during the summer of 1919, at Narva) or information on its performance prior to its modification.
Tasuja
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Armored car
Status:
Prototype
Derived From:
Renault
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
1
Production Date:
1919
Producer(s):
Estonian Provisional Government
1
1919
Tallinn Harbor Factory
1
1919
Used:
1
Service Date:
1919
User(s):
Kaitseliit (Defense League)
1919
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Kaitseliit (Defense League)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
??? t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
??? m
??? m
??? m
Ground Clearance:
??? cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37-mm Hotchkiss (???)
???, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
2 x
7,62-mm PM obr. 1910 g. (???)
???, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
600 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
Steel fragmentation
APHE
0.5 kg/40 g ???, 15 mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron Hotchkiss
HE
0.5 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron fragmentation
HE
0.51 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister
Cn
??? kg/75 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister short
Cn
0.51 kg/50 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ???
Sight
??x zoom,for 37-mm Hotchkiss
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
6 mm @ ??°
Wood/Trench Plates
Sidewards
All side
6 mm @ ??°
Wood/Trench Plates
Rearwards
All rear
6 mm @ ??°
Wood/Trench Plates
Crew
??
Total
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
??? l
Engine(s):
1 x - Renault
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
??? kW
@ RPM
???
Cylinder:
???
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
???
??
??
Steering:
???
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
???
Road wheels:
???
Type:
???
Steering:
???
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
??? km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
??? kW/t
Maximum Grade:
??°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
??? km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
Summary
The “Tasuja” was the second of the two initial experimental armored cars produced by Estonia, alongside the armored car “Estonia.” It aimed to solve the issue of the Estonia being too overweight to move outside of Tallinn and did so by utilizing a wooden, instead of steel, frame, and bulletproof plates taking from trench shields instead of using ship armor taken from the Tallinn Harbor. Despite that, it still only lasted in combat operations for three months, between its deployment on the 13th of January, 1919, to its loss on the 23rd of March of the same year when, and despite its comparatively lighter chassis, during operations at Orava, it caused a bridge it was traversing to collapse resulting in it becoming stuck while under fire by Bolshevik forces. It was subsequently abandoned and later scrapped.
Variants & Changes:
None
Wahur Packard-type
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Armored car
Status:
Production
Derived From:
Packard
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
1
Production Date:
1919
Producer(s):
Estonian Provisional Government
1
1919
Tallinn Harbor Factory
1
1919
Used:
1
Service Date:
1919-???
User(s):
Kaitseliit (Defense League)
1919-???
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Kaitseliit (Defense League)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
8.0-8.6* t t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
7.6-8.0* m
2.1-2.4* m
2.9-3.0* m
Ground Clearance:
??? cm
*Can’t find clarification on which values belonged to which cars, so values are general for the entire Packard-AEC series
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37-mm Hotchkiss (???)
Turret, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
2 x
7,62-mm PM obr. 1910 g. (???)
Rear Sponsons, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
600 rpm
1 x
7,62-mm Madsen (???)
Cab, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
450 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
Steel fragmentation
APHE
0.5 kg/40 g ???, 15 mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron Hotchkiss
HE
0.5 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron fragmentation
HE
0.51 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister
Cn
??? kg/75 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister short
Cn
0.51 kg/50 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ???
Sight
??x zoom,for 37-mm Hotchkiss
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
6-10 mm @ ??°
Trench Plates
Sidewards
All side
6-10 mm @ ??°
Trench Plates
Rearwards
All rear
6-10 mm @ ??°
Trench Plates
Crew
??
Total
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
130 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Packard
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
22 kW
@ RPM
???
Cylinder:
???
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
4-speed
4
1
Steering:
???
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
???
Road wheels:
???
Type:
???
Steering:
???
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
45.0* km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
2.6-2.8 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
??°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
65-80* cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
7.5-8.0* m
Cruising Range:
??? km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
*Can’t find clarification on which values belonged to which cars, so values are general for the entire Packard-AEC series
Summary
Following the experimental “Estonia” and “Tasuja,” a series production of six armored cars begin. Of these, this could be firmly divided into the Packard-based “Wahur” and the AEC-based types. They were all largely identical, though had various small differences between them due to the largely non-standard construction, albeit similar, construction. The “Wahur” in particular was built on a Packard chassis with a 30 hp (22 kW) engine, unlike the other AEC-based cars with 40 hp (30 kW) engines. The “Wahur” would be deployed to take part in an amphibious operation against Valmiera by landing at the wharf at Ainaži. However, Bolshevik forces at Ainaži burned the wharf down, preventing the landing of the “Wahur” and the failure for the armored force to take Valmiera. Unlike the other AEC-types, the “Wahur” would not see service until 1940, though I can’t find an exact date for when it was either lost or retired.
*Can’t find clarification on which values belonged to which cars, so values are general for the entire Packard-AEC series
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37-mm Hotchkiss (???)
Turret, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
2 x
7,62-mm PM obr. 1910 g. (???)
Rear Sponsons, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
600 rpm
1 x
7,62-mm Madsen (???)
Cab, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
450 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
Steel fragmentation
APHE
0.5 kg/40 g ???, 15 mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron Hotchkiss
HE
0.5 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron fragmentation
HE
0.51 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister
Cn
??? kg/75 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister short
Cn
0.51 kg/50 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ???
Sight
??x zoom,for 37-mm Hotchkiss
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
6-10 mm @ ??°
Trench Plates
Sidewards
All side
6-10 mm @ ??°
Trench Plates
Rearwards
All rear
6-10 mm @ ??°
Trench Plates
Crew
??
Total
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
130 l
Engine(s):
1 x - AEC
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
30 kW
@ RPM
???
Cylinder:
???
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
4-speed
4
1
Steering:
???
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
???
Road wheels:
???
Type:
???
Steering:
???
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
45.0* km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
3.5-3.8* kW/t
Maximum Grade:
??°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
65-80* cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
7.5-8.0* m
Cruising Range:
??? km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
*Can’t find clarification on which values belonged to which cars, so values are general for the entire Packard-AEC series
Summary
Following the experimental “Estonia” and “Tasuja,” a series production of six armored cars begin. Of these, this could be firmly divided into the Packard-based “Wahur” and the AEC-based types. They were all largely identical, though had various small differences between them due to the largely non-standard construction, albeit similar, construction. The AEC-types were composed of the “Toonela,” the “Wibuane,” and the “Kalevipoeg” built April of 1919, and the “Kotkasilm” and the “Erilane” (later renamed “Lembit”) built January of 1920. The armored cars would serve throughout the war of independence and despite their horrid mobility, they were still effective due to the general rarity of armored vehicles post-collapse. They would later be adopted into the Estonian army after the end of the war, and all of the cars would still be in active service when Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940.
Variants & Changes:
1919: The “Wibuane” experimentally had its turret removed and an opening for a German 7,6cm mortar in its place. This was later reverted due to it being generally ineffective.
Variant Images
Armored car “Wibuane.”
Armored car “Kalevipoeg.”
Armored car “Kotkasilm,” on the left, with the “Estonia” on the right.
Pisuhänd
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Armored car
Status:
Captured Conversion
Derived From:
Peerless TC3
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
1
Production Date:
1919
Producer(s):
Russian Empire
1
1919
???
1
1919
Used:
1
Service Date:
1919-???
User(s):
Kaitseliit (Defense League)
1919-1920
Maavägi (Army)
1920-1940
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Kaitseliit (Defense League)
???
Maavägi (Army)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
??? t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.7 m
2.3 m
??? m
Ground Clearance:
??? cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37-mm Hotchkiss (???)
Turret, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
2 x
.303-in Lewis Mk. I (???)
Turret, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
600 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
Steel fragmentation
APHE
0.5 kg/40 g ???, 15 mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron Hotchkiss
HE
0.5 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Cast iron fragmentation
HE
0.51 kg/??? g ???, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister
Cn
??? kg/75 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Canister short
Cn
0.51 kg/50 balls, ??? mm @ 442 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ???
Sight
??x zoom,for 37-mm Hotchkiss
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
8 mm @ 0°
RHA
Turret front
??? mm @ ??°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
8 mm @ 0°
RHA
Turret side
??? mm @ ??°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
8 mm @ 0°
RHA
Turret rear
??? mm @ ??°
RHA
Crew
??
Total
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
??? l
Engine(s):
1 x - Peerless
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
24 kW
@ RPM
???
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
???
??
??
Steering:
???
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Leaf spring
Road wheels:
4x2
Type:
Spoked
Steering:
Rear wheels
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
45.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
??? kW/t
Maximum Grade:
??°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
??? km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
Summary
The Pisuhänd was originally a Peerless anti-aircraft armored car captured by Finnish volunteers in Estonia. This was later donated to the Estonians who removed the anti-aircraft installation and replaced it with an enclosed turret mounting a 37-mm Hotchkiss and two machine guns. It saw action during the war of independence as a part of the armored train division.
Variants & Changes:
None
Garford-Putilov
NO IMAGES
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Armored car
Status:
Captured
Derived From:
Garford HtK 68
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
30
Production Date:
3/1915-28/9/1915
Producer(s):
Russian Empire
30
3/1915-28/9/1915
Putilovskij Zavod
30
3/1915-28/9/1915
Used:
1
Service Date:
???
User(s):
Maavägi (Army)
???
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Maavägi (Army)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
8.6 t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.7 m
2.3 m
2.8 m
Ground Clearance:
30 cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
76,2-mm obr. 1910 g. (44)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+130° @ 12.8°/s
Mechanical, -5°/+15° @ 3.2°/s
15 rpm
3 x
7,62-mm PM obr. 1910 g. (6,000)
Coaxial, Manual, -/+5° @ 60°/s
Manual, -5°/+15° @ 60°/s
600 rpm
Sponsons, Manual, -/+81° @ 60°/s
Manual, -4°/+10° @ 60°/s
600 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
76.2 mm Gun
Grenade 76,2-mm
HE
6.4 kg/785 g TNT, 24 mm @ 381 m/s
Shrapnel 76,2-mm
Sh
6.5 kg/85 g TNT, 18 mm @ 381 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ???
Sight
1-3.5x zoom, for 76,2-mm obr. 1910 g.
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
6.5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson
5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Hood
5 mm @ 61° (LoS 10 mm)
RHA
Exhaust cover
3 mm @ 45° (LoS 4 mm)
RHA
Sidewards
All side
6.5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson
5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Rear upper panel
5 mm @ 45° (LoS 7 mm)
RHA
Rear lower panel
6.5 mm @ 35° (LoS 8 mm)
RHA
Turret side
6.5 mm @ 20° (LoS 7 mm)
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
6.5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Turret front
6.5 mm @ 23° (LoS 7 mm)
RHA
Lower
3 mm @ 0°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
3 mm @ 0°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
3 mm @ 0°
RHA
Crew
8
Total
1
Commander
1
Fore Driver
1
Aft Driver
1
Gunner
1
Gun Loader
2
Machine Gunners
1
Machine Gun Loader
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
132.4 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Putilov
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
22 kW
@ RPM
2,500
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Putilov 4-speed
4
4
Steering:
???
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Leaf spring
Road wheels:
4x2
Type:
Spoked
Steering:
Front wheels
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
18.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
18.0 km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
2.6 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
??°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
120 km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
Summary
A single Garford-Putilov was supposedly captured by Estonia during the collapse of the White Northwestern Army. However, I have not been able to find photographs of this vehicle information on if it was used in service or not.
Variants & Changes:
None
LIGHT TANKS
Renault FT
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Light tank
Status:
Imported
Derived From:
None
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
3,728
Production Date:
7/1918-10/10/1918
Producer(s):
French Republic
3,728 (all models)
1917-1919
Renault S.A
1,850~
???
Berliet
800~
???
SOMUA
600~
???
Delaunay-Belleville
280~
???
Used:
12
Service Date:
1924-1940
User(s):
Maavägi (Army)
1924-1940
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Maavägi (Army)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
6.7 t
Ground Pressure:
0.5 kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.0 m
1.74 m
2.14 m
Ground Clearance:
43 cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37 S.A. mle 1918 (233)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+360° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -2°/+35° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
OR 37 mle 1892
APHE
0.5 kg/15 g F3, 14 mm @ 388 m/s
OE 37 mle 1916
HE
0.56 kg/30 g Melinite, 6 mm @ 365 m/s
OE 37 mle 1888M
HE
0.455 kg/22 g F3, 5 mm @ 402 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ??? telescopic
Sight
??x zoom, for 37 S.A. mle 1918
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Renault
Frontwards
All front
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ ???°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ ???°
RHA
Berliet-Girod
Frontwards
All front
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret front
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret side
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret rear
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ ???°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ ???°
RHA
Crew
2
Total
1
Commander, Gunner, Gun Loader
1
Driver
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
95 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Renault
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
29 kW
@ RPM
1,500
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
4.5 l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Sliding 4-speed
4
1
Steering:
Clutch-break
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Vertical spring
Road wheels:
9/4
Type:
Rigid non-spaced
Idlers:
Front track
Return rollers:
6
Type:
Rigid spaced
Drive Sprockets:
2
Type:
15-tooth rear drive
Tracks
Type:
Continuous linked steel
Shoes:
32
Length:
??? cm
Width:
34 cm
Pitch:
??? cm
Depth:
??? cm
Ground Contact:
2 m
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
8.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
4.3 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
26.5°
Maximum Trench:
1.35 m
Maximum Wall:
0.6 m
Maximum Fording:
70 cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
60 km
Mileage:
158 l/100 km
Summary
Estonia received twelve Renault FT in 1924, four of which were armed with cannons in either Renault or Berliet-Girod turret. They also received tanks with Girod-Renault turrets, though those were only armed with machine guns, but it made them notable as being one of the few Renault FT users to receive all three different turret types. They saw service until 1940, alongside Estonia’s Mk. V tanks, before the country would surrender without a fight, along with Latvia and Lithuania, upon Soviet demands to militarily occupy the country which would later lead to the their annexation.
Variants & Changes:
None
HEAVY TANKS
Mark V Hermaphrodite
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Heavy tank
Status:
Captured
Derived From:
Mark IV
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
400 (all models)
Production Date:
1917-1918
Producer(s):
United Kingdom
400
1917-1918
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co.
400
???
Used:
4
Service Date:
1919-1940
User(s):
Maavägi (Army)
1919-1940
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Maavägi (Army)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
30.0 t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
8.0 m
4.1 m
2.64 m
Ground Clearance:
??? cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (282)
Right/Left Sponson, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s
20 rpm
5 x
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (6,000)
Left/Right Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s
Manual, -6°/+12° @ 60°/s
450 rpm
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s
450 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
6-pr. 6-cwt. Gun
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII
SAPHE
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 37 mm @ 411 m/s
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III
HE
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 411 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
2 x - ??? telescopic
Sight
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 6-cwt.
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
Lower frontal glacis
16 mm @ 61° (LoS 33 mm)
RHA
Lowest frontal glacis
16 mm @ 69° (LoS 45 mm)
RHA
Upper frontal glacis
16 mm @ 44° (LoS 22 mm)
RHA
Towers front
16 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson front
16 mm @ 30° (LoS 18 mm)
RHA
Sidewards
All side
12 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson lower side
12 mm @ 38° (LoS 15 mm)
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
12 mm @ 0°
RHA
Tower rear
12 mm @ 34° (LoS 14 mm)
RHA
Sponson rear
12 mm @ 15° (LoS 12 mm)
RHA
Rear glacis
12 mm @ 72° (LoS 39 mm)
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ 0°
RHA
Front roof
8 mm @ 82°
RHA
Upper rear roof
8 mm @ 82°
RHA
Lower rear roof
12 mm @ 74°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ 0°
RHA
Inwards
Inner track-sponson
12 mm
RHA
Sponson stowage
12 mm
RHA
Engine wall
12 mm
RHA
Transmission cover
12 mm
RHA
Crew
8
Total
1
Commander, Assistant Driver
1
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
1
Mechanic, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
1
Mechanic
1
Gunner
1
Gun Loader, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
2
Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
420 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Ricardo
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
110 kW
@ RPM
1,200
Cylinder:
6
Capacity:
19 l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Wilson epicyclic 4-speed
4
1
Steering:
Wilson epicyclic clutch-break
Brakes:
Mechanical
Suspension
Type:
None
Road wheels:
26
Type:
Rigid non-spaced
Idlers:
Adjustable front track
Return rollers:
10
Type:
Top track
Drive Sprockets:
2
Type:
30-tooth rear drive
Tracks
Type:
Continuous linked steel
Shoes:
90
Length:
22.23 cm
Width:
67.31 cm
Pitch:
19.05 cm
Depth:
??? cm
Ground Contact:
??? m
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
7.7 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
1.4 km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
3.7 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
???°
Maximum Trench:
3.5 m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
72 km
Mileage:
583 l/100 km
Summary
While Estonia had requested tanks from the Entente, their request was refused. So, their Mk. V Composites only came about due to the collapse of the Northwestern Army under the command of Yudenich. They saw service until 1940 before the country would surrender without a fight, along with Latvia and Lithuania, upon Soviet demands to militarily occupy the country which would later lead to the their annexation. The last recorded action of the Mk. V, while in Soviet service, was of being brought of storage and then emplaced along the coast of the Pirita as static bunkers. However, it’s unknown if they were actually used and, if they were, to what success.
Variants & Changes:
None
Latvian Vehicles
ARMORED CARS
Pierce-Arrow
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Armored car
Status:
Captured
Derived From:
Pierce-Arrow 5 t
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
2
Production Date:
1916
Producer(s):
Russian Empire
2
1916
Izhorskij Zavod
2
1916
Used:
1
Service Date:
1919-1940
User(s):
Latvijas Bruņotie spēki (Latvian Armed Forces)
1919-1940
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Latvijas Bruņotie spēki (Latvian Armed Forces)
Autotanku pulku
1927-1940
↓Reorganized↓
Autotanku brigāde
1940
Disbanded
Dimensions
Weight:
??? t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
??? m
??? m
??? m
Ground Clearance:
??? cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
76,2-mm obr. 1904 g. (???)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
6 rpm
2 x
7,62-mm PM obr. 1910 g. (???)
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+???° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ 60°/s
600 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
76.2 mm Gun
Grenade 76,2-mm
HE
6.4 kg/785 g TNT, 24 mm @ 290 m/s
Shrapnel 76,2-mm
Sh
6.5 kg/85 g TNT, ??? mm @ 290 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ???
Sight
??x zoom, for 76,2-mm obr. 1904 g.
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
4.5 mm @ ??°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
4.5 mm @ ??°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear[/u]
4.5 mm @ ??°
RHA
Upwards[/u]
Roof
4.5 mm @ ??°
RHA
Crew
6[/u]
Total
1
Commander
1
Driver
1
Gunner
2
Gun Loaders
2
Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
??? l
Engine(s):
1 x - ???
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
??? kW
@ RPM:
???
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
???
??
??
Steering:
???
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Leaf spring
Road wheels:
4x2
Type:
Solid
Steering:
Front wheels
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
??? km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
??? kW/t
Maximum Grade:
??°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
??? km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
Summary
Of the two Pierce-Arrow constructed, one was captured by the German Army and would later be turned over to the Entente, and the second, named “Titanik” in Russian service, was captured by the Latvians and renamed to the “Viesturs.” Alongside the Garford-Putilov that they named the “Kurzemnieks” and the six other machine gun-armed armored cars, they formed the core of the new autotank brigade as the armored car company. They all saw service until 1940, where they would be transferred to the Soviet army, and likely scrapped, upon the Soviet annexation of the Baltics.
Variants & Changes:
None
Garford-Putilov
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Armored car
Status:
Captured
Derived From:
Garford HtK 68
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
30
Production Date:
3/1915-28/9/1915
Producer(s):
Russian Empire
30
3/1915-28/9/1915
Putilovskij Zavod
30
3/1915-28/9/1915
Used:
1
Service Date:
1919-1940
User(s):
Latvijas Bruņotie spēki (Latvian Armed Forces)
1919-1940
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Latvijas Bruņotie spēki (Latvian Armed Forces)
Autotanku pulku
1927-1940
↓Reorganized↓
Autotanku brigāde
1940
Disbanded
Dimensions
Weight:
8.6 t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.7 m
2.3 m
2.8 m
Ground Clearance:
30 cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
76,2-mm obr. 1910 g. (44)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+130° @ 12.8°/s
Mechanical, -5°/+15° @ 3.2°/s
15 rpm
3 x
7,62-mm PM obr. 1910 g. (6,000)
Coaxial, Manual, -/+5° @ 60°/s
Manual, -5°/+15° @ 60°/s
600 rpm
Sponsons, Manual, -/+81° @ 60°/s
Manual, -4°/+10° @ 60°/s
600 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
76.2 mm Gun
Grenade 76,2-mm
HE
6.4 kg/785 g TNT, 24 mm @ 381 m/s
Shrapnel 76,2-mm
Sh
6.5 kg/85 g TNT, 18 mm @ 381 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ???
Sight
1-3.5x zoom, for 76,2-mm obr. 1910 g.
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
6.5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson
5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Hood
5 mm @ 61° (LoS 10 mm)
RHA
Exhaust cover
3 mm @ 45° (LoS 4 mm)
RHA
Sidewards
All side
6.5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson
5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Rear upper panel
5 mm @ 45° (LoS 7 mm)
RHA
Rear lower panel
6.5 mm @ 35° (LoS 8 mm)
RHA
Turret side
6.5 mm @ 20° (LoS 7 mm)
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
6.5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Turret front
6.5 mm @ 23° (LoS 7 mm)
RHA
Lower
3 mm @ 0°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
3 mm @ 0°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
3 mm @ 0°
RHA
Crew
8
Total
1
Commander, Assistant Driver
1
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
1
Mechanic, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
1
Mechanic
1
Gunner
1
Gun Loader, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
2
Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
132.4 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Putilov
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
22 kW
@ RPM
2,500
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Putilov 4-speed
4
4
Steering:
???
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Leaf spring
Road wheels:
4x2
Type:
Spoked
Steering:
Front wheels
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
18.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
18.0 km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
2.6 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
??°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
120 km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
Summary
A single Garford-Putilov was captured by Latvia in 1919 as a war trophy and named the “Kurzemnieks.” Alongside the Pierce-Arrow that they named the “Viesturs” and the six other machine gun-armed armored cars, they formed the core of the new autotank brigade as the armored car company. They all saw service until 1940, where they would be transferred to the Soviet army, and likely scrapped, upon the Soviet annexation of the Baltics.
Summary
Six Fiat 3000A were purchased in 1927 as Latvia’s first light tanks, and served alongside their already existing Mark V Hermaphrodite and Medium Mark B. Two of four tanks were armed unusual, in that they were armed with French 37 S.A. mle 1918 guns instead of machine guns. On Italian Fiats, a cannon, in the form of the Vickers-Terni 37/40, wouldn’t be introduced until 1930. These Latvian Fiats served until 1940, when Latvia was then annexed by the Soviet Union. It is presumed that the Fiats were later scrapped.
Variants & Changes:
None
HEAVY TANKS
Mark V Hermaphrodite
General
Name(s):
???
Type:
Heavy tank
Status:
Imported
Derived From:
Mark IV
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
400 (all models)
Production Date:
1917-1918
Producer(s):
United Kingdom
400
1917-1918
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co.
400
???
Used:
3
Service Date:
1920-1940
User(s):
Latvijas Bruņotie spēki (Latvian Armed Forces)
1920-1940
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Latvijas Bruņotie spēki (Latvian Armed Forces)
Autotanku pulku
1920-1940
↓Reorganized↓
Autotanku brigāde
1940
Disbanded
Dimensions
Weight:
30.0 t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
8.0 m
4.1 m
2.64 m
Ground Clearance:
??? cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (282)
Right/Left Sponson, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s
20 rpm
5 x
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (6,000)
Left/Right Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s
Manual, -6°/+12° @ 60°/s
450 rpm
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s
450 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
6-pr. 6-cwt. Gun
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII
SAPHE
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 37 mm @ 411 m/s
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III
HE
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 411 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
2 x - ??? telescopic
Sight
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 6-cwt.
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
Lower frontal glacis
16 mm @ 61° (LoS 33 mm)
RHA
Lowest frontal glacis
16 mm @ 69° (LoS 45 mm)
RHA
Upper frontal glacis
16 mm @ 44° (LoS 22 mm)
RHA
Towers front
16 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson front
16 mm @ 30° (LoS 18 mm)
RHA
Sidewards
All side
12 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson lower side
12 mm @ 38° (LoS 15 mm)
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
12 mm @ 0°
RHA
Tower rear
12 mm @ 34° (LoS 14 mm)
RHA
Sponson rear
12 mm @ 15° (LoS 12 mm)
RHA
Rear glacis
12 mm @ 72° (LoS 39 mm)
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ 0°
RHA
Front roof
8 mm @ 82°
RHA
Upper rear roof
8 mm @ 82°
RHA
Lower rear roof
12 mm @ 74°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ 0°
RHA
Inwards
Inner track-sponson
12 mm
RHA
Sponson stowage
12 mm
RHA
Engine wall
12 mm
RHA
Transmission cover
12 mm
RHA
Crew
8
Total
1
Commander, Assistant Driver
1
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
1
Mechanic, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
1
Mechanic
1
Gunner
1
Gun Loader, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
2
Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
420 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Ricardo
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
110 kW
@ RPM
1,200
Cylinder:
6
Capacity:
19 l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Wilson epicyclic 4-speed
4
1
Steering:
Wilson epicyclic clutch-break
Brakes:
Mechanical
Suspension
Type:
None
Road wheels:
26
Type:
Rigid non-spaced
Idlers:
Adjustable front track
Return rollers:
10
Type:
Top track
Drive Sprockets:
2
Type:
30-tooth rear drive
Tracks
Type:
Continuous linked steel
Shoes:
90
Length:
22.23 cm
Width:
67.31 cm
Pitch:
19.05 cm
Depth:
??? cm
Ground Contact:
??? m
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
7.7 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
1.4 km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
3.7 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
???°
Maximum Trench:
3.5 m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
72 km
Mileage:
583 l/100 km
Summary
Latvia imported numerous tanks in 1920s to create a fledging armored force. Among these were several Mark V Hermaphrodites which would see service through to 1940, where they were then transferred to the Soviet army upon their occupation of the Baltics and presumably scrapped.
Variants & Changes:
None
Polish Vehicles
ARMORED CARS
Peugeot
General
Name(s):
Samochód pancerny Peugeot
Type:
Armored car
Status:
Imported
Derived From:
Peugeot type 146
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
270
Production Date:
1914-1915
Producer(s):
French Republic
270
1914-1915
Peugeot
270
1914-1915
Used:
18
Service Date:
1920-1939
User(s):
Wojska Lądowe (Land Forces)
1920-1935
Obrona Narodowa (National Defense)
1935-1939
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Wojska Lądowe (Land Forces)
1 Szwadron samochodów pancernych
1920-???
Disbanded
2 Szwadron samochodów pancernych
1920-???
Disbanded
Obrona Narodowa (National Defense)
???
Dimensions
Weight:
5.0 t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
4.8 m
1.8 m
2.8 m
Ground Clearance:
??? cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
AM Car
1 x
8 mm Hotchkiss wz. 14 (2,500)
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ 60°/s
450 rpm
AM Car (1925)
1 x
7,92 mm Hotchkiss wz. 25 (2,500)
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ 60°/s
480 rpm
AC Car
1 x
37 mm wz. SA Puteaux (40)
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
OR 37 mle 1892
APHE
0.5 kg/15 g F3, 14 mm @ 388 m/s
OE 37 mle 1916
HE
0.56 kg/30 g Melinite, 6 mm @ 365 m/s
OE 37 mle 1888M
HE
0.455 kg/22 g F3, 5 mm @ 402 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
AC Car
1 x - ???
Sight
???x zoom, for 37 mm wz. SA Puteaux
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
Frontwards
All front
5.5 mm @ ??°
Chrome steel
Sidewards
All side
5.5 mm @ ??°
Chrome steel
Rearwards
All rear
5.5 mm @ ??°
Chrome steel
Gunshield
??? mm @ ??°
Chrome steel
Upwards
Roof
??? mm @ ??°
???
Downwards
Floor
??? mm @ ??°
???
Crew
3
AM Car
1
Commander
1
Driver
1
Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
4
AC Car
1
Commander
1
Driver
1
Gunner
1
Gun Loader
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
??? l
Engine(s):
1 x - Peugeot
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
13 kW
@ RPM
???
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
???
??
??
Steering:
???
Brakes:
Mechanical
Suspension
Type:
???
Road wheels:
4x2
Type:
???
Steering:
???
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
40.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
2.6 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
???°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
??? km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
Summary
The Peugeot was Poland’s main armored car during the 1920s. Of the eighteen sent to Poland, only six had cannons. However, since it arrived too late to see action in the First Polish-Soviet War, its history within the army was fairly unremarkable. Alongside the Garford-Putilov, the AC Peugeot were the only armored cars with cannons until the later introduction of the domestically produced wz. 28. Two squadrons were organized in the military for the Peugeots, though they were often reorganized to other units at times. In 1935, with nearly 200 far more modern armored cars in service, the remaining Peugeots were retired from the army and given to the National Defense. There, the Peugeots would see action during the defense of Poland. Unfortunately, no Peugeot would survive the war.
Variants & Changes:
Type 146: The last 150 cars were produced in both AM and AC versions on the Peugeot type 146 chassis and were fully armored. 16 built on this chassis were sent to Poland.
Type 148: Type 146 production was supplemented by nearly identical Peugeot type 148 chassis. 2 built on this chassis were sent to Poland.
1920s: Main gears were strengthened in CWS workshops due to an overloaded chassis.
1925: AM cars had their earlier 8 mm Hotchkiss wz. 14 machine guns replaced by 7,92 mm Hotchkiss wz. 25 machine guns.
Variant Images
Peugeot with Hotchkiss machine gun.
Garford-Putilov
General
Name(s):
Samochód pancerny Garford-Putilov
Type:
Armored car
Status:
Captured
Derived From:
Garford HtK 68
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
30
Production Date:
3/1915-28/9/1915
Producer(s):
Russian Empire
30
3/1915-28/9/1915
Putilovskij Zavod
30
3/1915-28/9/1915
Used:
3
Service Date:
1919-1927
User(s):
Wojska Lądowe (Land Forces)
1919-1927
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Wojska Lądowe (Land Forces)
Pluton pancerny “Dziadek”
1919-???
↓↓↓Transferred↓↓↓
Wielkopolski pluton samochodów pancernych
1920
↓Transferred↓
3 Dywizja pancernej
1920-???
↓Transferred↓
5 Dywizja pancernej
1925-1927
Removed
Dimensions
Weight:
8.6 t
Ground Pressure:
??? kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.7 m
2.3 m
2.8 m
Ground Clearance:
30 cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
76,2-mm obr. 1910 g. (44)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+130° @ 12.8°/s
Mechanical, -5°/+15° @ 3.2°/s
15 rpm
3 x
7,62-mm PM obr. 1910 g. (6,000)
Coaxial, Manual, -/+5° @ 60°/s
Manual, -5°/+15° @ 60°/s
600 rpm
Sponsons, Manual, -/+81° @ 60°/s
Manual, -4°/+10° @ 60°/s
600 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
76.2 mm Gun
Grenade 76,2-mm
HE
6.4 kg/785 g TNT, 24 mm @ 381 m/s
Shrapnel 76,2-mm
Sh
6.5 kg/85 g TNT, 18 mm @ 381 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ???
Sight
1-3.5x zoom, for 76,2-mm obr. 1910 g.
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Frontwards
All front
6.5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson
5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Hood
5 mm @ 61° (LoS 10 mm)
RHA
Exhaust cover
3 mm @ 45° (LoS 4 mm)
RHA
Sidewards
All side
6.5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Sponson
5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Rear upper panel
5 mm @ 45° (LoS 7 mm)
RHA
Rear lower panel
6.5 mm @ 35° (LoS 8 mm)
RHA
Turret side
6.5 mm @ 20° (LoS 7 mm)
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
6.5 mm @ 0°
RHA
Turret front
6.5 mm @ 23° (LoS 7 mm)
RHA
Lower
3 mm @ 0°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
3 mm @ 0°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
3 mm @ 0°
RHA
Crew
8
Total
1
Commander, Assistant Driver
1
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
1
Mechanic, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
1
Mechanic
1
Gunner
1
Gun Loader, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader
2
Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
132.4 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Putilov
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
22 kW
@ RPM
2,500
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
??? l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Putilov 4-speed
4
4
Steering:
???
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Leaf spring
Road wheels:
4x2
Type:
Spoked
Steering:
Front wheels
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
18.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
18.0 km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
2.6 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
??°
Maximum Trench:
??? m
Maximum Wall:
??? m
Maximum Fording:
??? cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
120 km
Mileage:
??? l/100 km
Summary
Three Garford-Putilovs would be captured and used by the Polish military. The first was captured in 1919 and named “Dziadek,” then serving in its own independent platoon. The second was captured around the same time and named “Zagłoba” and was used alongside “Dziadek.” The last, named “General Szeptycki,” was captured in 1920. All three served throughout the First Polish-Soviet War and up to 1927, when they were then all retired.
Variants & Changes:
None
LIGHT TANKS
Renault FT
General
Name(s):
Czołg lekki Renault FT
Type:
Light tank
Status:
Imported/License-Production
Derived From:
None
Derivatives:
None
Produced:
3,728
Production Date:
7/1918-10/10/1918
Producer(s):
French Republic
3,728 (all models)
1917-1919
Renault S.A
1,850~
???
Berliet
800~
???
SOMUA
600~
???
Delaunay-Belleville
280~
???
Republic of Poland
27
1926
CWS
27
1926
Used:
176
Service Date:
1919-1939
User(s):
Wojska Lądowe (Land Forces)
1919-1939
Full User(s) List
–
Unit
Date
Status
User(s):
Wojska Lądowe (Land Forces)
???
↓Transferred↓
2 Batalion pancerny
09/1939-10/1939
Disbanded
Dimensions
Weight:
6.7 t
Ground Pressure:
0.5 kg/cm²
Length
Width
Height
Vehicle:
5.0 m
1.74 m
2.14 m
Ground Clearance:
43 cm
Armaments
# of
Munition (Ammo #)
Location(s), Type, Horizontal
Type, Vertical
Firing Rate
1 x
37 mm wz. 18 Puteaux (233)
Turret, Mechanical, -/+360° @ ??°/s
Mechanical, -2°/+35° @ ??°/s
20 rpm
Ammunition
Bullet
Type
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity
37 mm Gun
OR 37 mle 1892
APHE
0.5 kg/15 g F3, 14 mm @ 388 m/s
OE 37 mle 1916
HE
0.56 kg/30 g Melinite, 6 mm @ 365 m/s
OE 37 mle 1888M
HE
0.455 kg/22 g F3, 5 mm @ 402 m/s
Devices
# of - Name
Type
Effect, Location/for
1 x - ??? telescopic
Sight
??x zoom, for 37 mm wz. 18 Puteaux
Protection
Location
Thickness
Type
Renault
Frontwards
All front
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ ???°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ ???°
RHA
Berliet-Girod
Frontwards
All front
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret front
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Sidewards
All side
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret side
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Rearwards
All rear
16 mm @ ???°
RHA
Turret rear
22 mm @ ???°
RHA
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ ???°
RHA
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ ???°
RHA
CWS
Frontwards
All front
16 mm @ ???°
Mild steel
Turret front
22 mm @ ???°
Mild steel
Sidewards
All side
16 mm @ ???°
Mild steel
Turret side
22 mm @ ???°
Mild steel
Rearwards
All rear
16 mm @ ???°
Mild steel
Turret rear
22 mm @ ???°
Mild steel
Upwards
Roof
8 mm @ ???°
Mild steel
Downwards
Floor
6 mm @ ???°
Mild steel
Crew
2
Total
1
Commander, Gunner, Gun Loader
1
Driver
Automotive
Fuel Capacity:
95 l
Engine(s):
1 x - Renault
Type:
Gasoline
Horsepower:
29 kW
@ RPM
1,500
Cylinder:
4
Capacity:
4.5 l
Foward
Reverse
Transmission:
Sliding 4-speed
4
1
Steering:
Clutch-break
Brakes:
???
Suspension
Type:
Vertical spring
Road wheels:
9/4
Type:
Rigid non-spaced
Idlers:
Front track
Return rollers:
6
Type:
Rigid spaced
Drive Sprockets:
2
Type:
15-tooth rear drive
Tracks
Type:
Continuous linked steel
Shoes:
32
Length:
??? cm
Width:
34 cm
Pitch:
??? cm
Depth:
??? cm
Ground Contact:
2 m
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
8.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
4.3 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
26.5°
Maximum Trench:
1.35 m
Maximum Wall:
0.6 m
Maximum Fording:
70 cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
60 km
Mileage:
158 l/100 km
Summary
Renault FT first saw service with the Polish during the First Polish-Soviet War, having first arrived late 1919. Initially, the units were led by French commanders, but as French forces were recalled, full Polish command was introduced. In total, eight Polish Renault FTs would be destroyed during the war, with 135 mainline Renault FT still in service by the 1930s. In 1924, six radio command tanks would be purchased, followed by a purchase of five Renault M27 and a single Renault NC27 in 1929. To supplement the existing Renault FT, a further 27 were domestically produced by CWS using unarmored steel. Attempts to modernize the tank with new turrets, suspensions, and engine systems were attempted, but ultimately unsuccessful. Despite how outdated they were, the tanks would see extensive use during the defense of Poland in 1939, oftentimes being used as impromptu turrets of armored trains or serving unconventional uses such as creating roadblocks for German forces. All Renault FT would be lost in Poland, though Polish forces-in-exile in France would use French Renault FT for training.
Variants & Changes:
1917-1918: Girod-Renault turrets were replaced by Berliet-Girod cylindrical omnibus turrets in Berliet, SOMUA, and Delaunay-Belleville productions. This removed the cheekbones for a smooth face and uparmored to 22 mm thick. This was the most common type used and was produced alongside the Renault turret.
1917-1918: Girod-Renault turrets were replaced by Renault riveted omnibus turrets in Renault productions. This can be easily differentiated by the riveting and flat armor plates. This was installed approximately 1,147 tanks and was produced alongside the Berliet-Girod turret.
1926-1939: At least 65 tanks fitted with small-link tracks, increasing their maximum speed and improving dampening.
“Iron tanks,” 1926: 27 tanks, built out of mild steel, were constructed by CWS and relegated to training units.
1926-1939: A portion of the “iron tanks” were fitted with small-link tracks.
“Hanus,” 1930s: A single Renault FT, named Hanus, had its engine compartment enlarged to accomodate the installation of an improved cooling system.
Variant Images
Cannon-armed tanks, with a Berliet-Girod turret on the left and a Renault turret on the right.
CWS-produced tank on the left, with an imported Berliet-Girod turreted tank on the right.
CWS-produced tank, with small-link tracks.
Renault FT “Hanus” with enlarged engine compartment for improved engine cooling system.
*Return rollers reduced to three on the Vickers suspension prototype.
**26-tooth rear dive installed on the Vickers suspension prototype.
Tracks
Type:
Continuous linked rubber or steel*
Shoes:
32
Length:
??? cm
Width:
34 cm
Pitch:
??? cm
Depth:
??? cm
Ground Contact:
2 m
*Steel tracks installed on the Vickers suspension prototype.
Mobility
Maximum Forward Speed:
13.0 km/h
Maximum Reverse Speed:
??? km/h
Power-to-Weight Ratio:
4.3 kW/t
Maximum Grade:
26.5°
Maximum Trench:
1.35 m
Maximum Wall:
0.6 m
Maximum Fording:
70 cm
Minimum Turning Diameter:
??? m
Cruising Range:
60 km
Mileage:
158 l/100 km
Summary
In 1929, five Renault M27 and a single Renault NC27 were purchased. An attempt to modernize the tank, and Renault FT in general, was attempted in 1932 by modifying a tank with Vickers-based suspension and a “wz. 32” turret, but it wasn’t accepted, probably due to the adoption of the Vickers Mk. E and the development of the 7TP and 10TP tanks. The Renault M27 would see service during the defense of Poland, though only in a limited capacity as either a part of the 2nd armored battalion or as a part of improved units formed ad hoc. All Renault M27, including the Vickers suspension prototype, would be lost in Poland.
Variants & Changes:
1932: A single Renault FT was modified with Vickers suspension, based off of the Vickers Mk. E, an an improved transmission, and a new “wz. 32” dual-cannon/machine gun turret.
1930s: “wz. 32” turret was replaced by Berliet-Girod turret after testing.
1935: Engine modified in an attempt to alleviate overheating problems caused by the transmission.
I am like >50% certain 7,1 cm doesnt actually exist and was just a missread of 7,7 cm.
5 cm was a rarely used caliber, i dont have much info on.
7,7 cm was the standart.
7,5 cm was for export. Krupp made a couple. The ammo is even in Geschossringbuch I.
I think many of these HE slinging WW1 vehicles would be good for countering armoured cars and lighter “fast” (for ww1) vehicles.
And yeah the lon-barrelled version of the FCM 1A would be a beast. Maybe I’m biased as an italian main but the FIAT 2000 model 34 with twin 37mm guns and fairly thick armour would also do well.
All images that were accidentally copied over to different vehicles have been fixed. This affected the American Mk. VIII, and the British Maudslay and Albion A10.
I also tried to see if there were any Danish or Norwegian vehicles that fit this era, but unfortunately there’s not. The closest thing that either of them got to it was Denmark acquiring a Fiat 3000 in 1926. However, this was a machine gun-armed Fiat 3000 and wouldn’t be workable in-game.
Does anyone have photographs of the Turkish and Swiss Renault FT? I can find photographs of machine gun-armed Renault FT, but I can’t find any of cannon-armed Renault FT despite finding claims of the Turks using cannon-armed ones alongside machine gun-armed tanks. Though, I can’t find any clarification on which type of tanks the Swiss used so they may have only used machine gun-armed tanks.
Yugoslav, Brazilian, Czechoslovak, Estonian, Latvian, and Polish vehicles have been added. I think I’ve completed the list, in the sense that this is all of the (applicable) First World War vehicles. As for the accuracy I have in describing said vehicles is another question that can be answered with “no,” so if anyone has any corrections or vehicles I’ve managed to miss, then just comment and I’ll apply the changes.
That leaves only the Erilane as the armored car I wasn’t able to find an image of.
It’s a bit weird how Estonia just had one of the largest cannon armored car fleets during the Civil War out of all of the secession movements, but hey, they would make a nice addition to the Swedish tree that would otherwise be lacking in WW1-era vehicles.
