ARMORED CARS
Simms' Motor War Car
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Motor War Car |
|
|
| Type: |
Armored car |
|
|
| Status: |
Prototype |
|
|
| Derived From: |
None |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
1 |
Production Date: |
1899-1902 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
1 |
1899-1902 |
|
Vickers, Sons & Maxim |
1 |
1899-1902 |
| Used: |
0 |
Service Date: |
N/A |
| User(s): |
N/A |
N/A |
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
5.5 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
8.53 m |
2.43 m |
3.05 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 1-pr. Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
300 rpm |
2 x |
Maxim .303-in (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+???° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ 60°/s |
600 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 1-pr. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 1-pr., Steel Shell, Mk. I |
SAPHE |
0.454 kg/13 g Pistol Powder, 22 mm @ 550 m/s |
|
Q.F., 1-pr., Common Shell, Mk. I |
HE |
0.454 kg/22 g Pistol Powder, 4 mm @ 550 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 1-pr. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Front |
6 mm @ ??° |
Vickers steel |
| Gunshields* |
??? mm @ ??° |
Vickers steel |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| Side |
??? mm @ ??° |
Vickers steel |
| Wheel covers |
6 mm @ ??° |
Chainmail |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| Rear |
6 mm @ ??° |
Vickers steel |
| Gunshields* |
??? mm @ ??° |
Vickers steel |
*Gunshields were removed in 1903.
| Crew |
|
| 4 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner, Gun Loader |
| 2 |
Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Cannstatt-Daimler |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
12 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
700 |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
Cannstatt 4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
Ackerman worm gear |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
Leaf spring semi-elliptical (rear), spiral spring (front) |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Wooden spoke wheel-iron tire |
|
Steering: |
Front |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
40.0* km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
40.0* km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
2.1 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
322 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
40.0 km/h is entirely theoretical, in testing it only managed 14.0 km/h on road despite the transmission rated for higher.
Summary
The Simms’ Motor War Car is considered to be have been the first armored car ever produced. While it wasn’t the first armored car to be proposed, it was the first to be produced and was a rather ambitious design. It was ordered in 1899 and was intended to see use during the Second Boer War, but delays in production meant that it wasn’t produced in 1902 when the war had just come to an end. The Car was exhibited to the public but with no military exhibition or backing, the project was a failure and the first produced armored car faded into obscurity.
Variants & Changes:
- 1902: Vehicle presented with gunshields for all guns.
- 1903: Gunshields were removed.
Variant Images
Motor War Car on public exhibition, with gunshields for all of the guns.
Motor War Car with the gunshields removed.
Rolls-Royce
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Armored car |
|
|
| Status: |
Prototype |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Rolls-Royce Mk. I Pattern 1914 |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
48 |
Production Date: |
04/1915-06/1915 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
48 |
04/1915-06/1915 |
|
Wolseley Motors Ltd. |
48 |
04/1915-06/1915 |
| Used: |
1 |
Service Date: |
??? |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
??? t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
4.93 m |
1.93 m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 1-pr. Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
300 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 1-pr. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 1-pr., Steel Shell, Mk. I |
SAPHE |
0.454 kg/13 g Pistol Powder, 22 mm @ 550 m/s |
|
Q.F., 1-pr., Common Shell, Mk. I |
HE |
0.454 kg/22 g Pistol Powder, 4 mm @ 550 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 1-pr. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Front |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| Side |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| Rear |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
??? mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 3 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner, Gun Loader |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - ??? |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
59 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
6 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
??? |
?? |
?? |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
Leaf spring |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
72.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
240 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
The Rolls-Royce Mk. I were one of the prevalent armored cars within the British military. In an effort to uparm them, once was converted by replacing the turret with a 1-pr. with a gunshield on an open pedestal mount. Evidently, this was not successful since it was a one-off prototype.
Variants & Changes:
None
Pierce-Arrow
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Armored lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Pierce-Arrow 5-ton |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
2 |
Production Date: |
1916 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
2 |
1916 |
|
W. G. Allen & Sons |
2 |
1916 |
| Used: |
2 |
Service Date: |
1916-1918 |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
1916-1918 |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
|
|
|
Royal Naval Armoured Car Division |
1916-??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
9.1* t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
*Weight was reduced in 1916-1917 by removal of the turret, though it’s not listed by how much.
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
| 1916 Lorry |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 3-pr. 5-cwt. Vickers Mk. I (???) |
Turret, Manual, -/+150° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
20 rpm |
| 1916-1917 Lorry |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 3-pr. 5-cwt. Vickers Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
20 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 3-pr. 5-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Steel Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/49.6 g Black Powder F.G., 62 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Common Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/39 g Black Powder F.G., 66 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. V |
HE |
1.587 kg/120.5 g Lyddite & 5.3 g TNT, 11 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
1.5 kg/120 g Lyddite, 10 mm @ 785 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 3-pr. 5-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Front |
9 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| Side |
9 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| Rear |
9 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
??? mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 5 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - ??? |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
22 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
??? |
?? |
?? |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
Leaf spring |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
40.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
2.4* kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
*Power-to-weight ratio was increased in 1916-1917 by removal of the turret, though it’s not listed by how much.
Summary
The two lorries were produced in 1916, on the same chassis that had previously already been used for an anti-aircraft lorry. Both were sent to Russia as a part of the expeditionary forces, where they then had their turrets removed due to their weight dragging them down in the Russian terrain with their worryingly underpowered engines.
Variants & Changes:
1916: Produced with a turret.
1916-1917: Turrets were removed due to weight issues in Russia and replaced by open pedestal mounts with gunshields. The now-open sides were replaced by flat armored plates.
Variant Images
Serial lorry.
One of two lorries with the turret replaced by an open mount.
Seabrook
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Armored lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Seabrook 5-ton |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
30 |
Production Date: |
1915 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
30 |
1915 |
|
Portholme Aerodrome Ltd. |
30 |
1915 |
| Used: |
30 |
Service Date: |
1915-??? |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
1915-??? |
|
|
British Army |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
|
|
|
Royal Naval Armoured Car Division |
1915-??? |
??? |
|
British Army |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
10.16 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
7.3 m |
2.1 m |
1.8 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
|
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 3-pr. 5-cwt. Vickers Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -5°/+30° @ ??°/s |
20 rpm |
4* x |
Vickers .303-in Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+???° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
|
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 3-pr. 5-cwt. Vickers Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -5°/+30° @ ??°/s |
20 rpm |
4* x |
Maxim .303-in (???) |
Corner Pedestals, Manual, -/+???° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ 60°/s |
600 rpm |
*Could vary between 1 to 4.
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 3-pr. 5-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Steel Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/49.6 g Black Powder F.G., 62 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Common Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/39 g Black Powder F.G., 66 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. V |
HE |
1.587 kg/120.5 g Lyddite & 5.3 g TNT, 11 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
1.5 kg/120 g Lyddite, 10 mm @ 785 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 3-pr. 5-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Front |
8 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| Side |
8 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| Rear |
8 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
??? mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 6 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 1 |
Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Machine Gunner |
| 1 |
Machine Gun Loader |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Continental |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
24 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
Brown Lipe selective 4-speed or 3-speed |
4 or 3 |
1 |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
32.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
2.3 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
160 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
The Seabrook were the most numerous group of cannon armored lorries in British service during the war. They were intended to serve as support for machine gun cars in the RNACD Squadrons with three in each, but were instead grouped into separate six-car squadrons due to problems posed by their overweight chassis. Most of them would be deployed in France, but at least one would also be deployed to Egypt. Sometime later, they were all transferred to the British Army after the disbandment of the RNAS RNACD.
Variants & Changes:
1915: Some cars produced with a 3-speed instead of a 4-speed transmission.
1915-1916: Some cars produced without gunshields or removed during service.
Variant Images
Two Seabrook without their gunshields.
HEAVY TANKS
Mark I
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Tank, Mark I |
|
|
| Type: |
Heavy tank |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
None |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
Mark II |
|
|
| Produced: |
150+1 (all models) |
Production Date: |
1916 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
150+1 |
1916 |
|
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. |
125+1 |
1916 |
|
William Foster & Co. |
25 |
1916 |
| Used: |
151 |
Service Date: |
1916-1918 |
| User(s): |
British Army |
1916-1918 |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
Heavy Section, Machine Gun Corps |
01/05/1916-11/1916 |
↓Renamed↓ |
|
Heavy Branch, Machine Gun Corps |
11/1916-07/1917 |
↓Reorganized↓ |
|
Tank Corps |
07/1917-??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
28.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
9.91 m |
4.19 m |
2.49 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 8-cwt. Mk. II (???) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
3 x |
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (???) |
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 6-pr. 8-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 57 mm @ 554 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 554 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 2 x - telescopic |
Sight |
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 8-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| All front |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| All side |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| All rear |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
8 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Downwards |
|
|
| Floor |
6 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 8 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 2 |
Mechanics |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders, Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
230 l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Daimler-Knight |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
78 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
1,000 |
|
|
Cylinder: |
6 |
|
|
Capacity: |
13 l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
3-speed |
2 |
1 |
| Steering: |
Clutch-break |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
26 |
|
|
Type: |
Rigid non-spaced |
|
Idlers: |
Adjustable front track |
| Return rollers: |
10 |
|
|
Type: |
Top track |
| Drive Sprockets: |
2 |
|
|
Type: |
Rear drive |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
??? |
|
Length: |
??? cm |
|
Width: |
??? cm |
|
Pitch: |
??? cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
??? m |
|
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
6.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
1.2 km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
2.8 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
38 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
605 l/100 km |
Summary
The Mark I was the first mass-production tank ever developed and the first to see action during the First World War. However, as with most new things, issues with it were immediately noticed when it was first deployed in combat in 1916. Namely, regarding its mobility. Due to that, all Mark I and Mark II tanks were placed in training duties the following year and for the remainder of the war, with all Mark I tanks being decommissioned by the end of the war due to the abundance of later Mark V.
Variants & Changes:
- “Mother” prototype: Identical to production versions, but was made of mild steel instead of bulletproof steel.
- Later 1916: “Mother” was refitted with a Daimler-based petrol-electric drive system, but was rejected in favor of the Wilkinson system experimented on the Mk. II. This increased the engine’s standard rpm from 1,000 to 1,400.
- Several modifications to the roof, including:
- 1916~: A net was installed atop of a few Mark Is.
- 1916~: Bar holders were installed atop of a few Mark Is in order to stow the sponson guns during transport.
- 1916~: A triangular anti-grenade mesh was installed atop of some Mark Is.
- 1917~: The steering tail was removed from all Mark Is, this decreased the length to 7.75 m.
Variant Images
“Mother” during the Hatfield trials.
Early Mk. I tank with the steering tank and the anti-grenade mesh.
Mark II
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Tank, Mark II |
|
|
| Type: |
Heavy tank |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Mark I |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
Mark III |
|
|
| Produced: |
50 (all models) |
Production Date: |
1916-1917 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
50 |
1916-1917 |
|
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. |
50 |
1916-1917 |
| Used: |
50 |
Service Date: |
1916-??? |
| User(s): |
British Army |
1916-??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
Heavy Branch, Machine Gun Corps |
11/1916-07/1917 |
↓Reorganized↓ |
|
Tank Corps |
07/1917-??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
28.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
7.75 m |
??? m |
2.49 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 8-cwt. Mk. II (???) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
3 x |
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (???) |
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 6-pr. 8-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 57 mm @ 554 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 554 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 2 x - telescopic |
Sight |
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 8-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| All front |
12 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| All side |
12 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| All rear |
12 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
8 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Downwards |
|
|
| Floor |
6 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Crew |
|
| 8 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 2 |
Mechanics |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders, Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
230 l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Daimler-Knight |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
78 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
1,000 |
|
|
Cylinder: |
6 |
|
|
Capacity: |
13 l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
3-speed |
2 |
1 |
| Steering: |
Clutch-break |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
26 |
|
|
Type: |
Rigid non-spaced |
|
Idlers: |
Adjustable front track |
| Return rollers: |
10 |
|
|
Type: |
Top track |
| Drive Sprockets: |
2 |
|
|
Type: |
Rear drive |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
??? |
|
Length: |
??? cm |
|
Width: |
??? cm |
|
Pitch: |
??? cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
??? m |
|
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
6.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
1.2 km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
2.8 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
38 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
605 l/100 km |
Summary
While work on an improved model was underway, the Mark II and III were produced as interim to keep the factories running. The Mark II differed from the early Mark I largely only superficially, with the hatches revised, the cabin narrowed, internal stowage altered, the removal of the steering tail, and the addition of a “grouser” track shoe at every sixth link in order to improve mobility. All of the tanks were made out of mild steel and were never intended to see combat, nonetheless they were deployed alongside Mark I and subsequently decimated due to their unarmored hulls being able to be penetrated by basic rifle shots. They were withdrawn from frontline service as soon as possible and served the rest of the war as training tanks.
Variants & Changes:
- 1917~: Some tanks were produced without the “grouser” track shoes.
- 03/1917: Three tanks were used as testbeds for various transmissions, including:
- Wilson Epicyclic transmission: Won the contest and was installed starting from Mark V tanks.
- Westinghouse Petrol-Electric transmission
- Wilkin’s Multiple Clutch transmission
Mark III
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Tank, Mark III |
|
|
| Type: |
Heavy tank |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Mark II |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
Mark IV |
|
|
| Produced: |
50 (all models) |
Production Date: |
1917 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
50 |
1917 |
|
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. |
50 |
1917 |
| Used: |
50 |
Service Date: |
1917-1940 |
| User(s): |
British Army |
1917-1940 |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
Heavy Branch, Machine Gun Corps |
11/1916-07/1917 |
↓Reorganized↓ |
|
Tank Corps |
07/1917-18/10/1923 |
↓Reorganized↓ |
|
Royal Tank Corps |
18/10/1923-??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
28.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
7.75 m |
??? m |
2.49 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 8-cwt. Mk. II (???) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
3 x |
.303-in Lewis Mk. I (???) |
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
600 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 6-pr. 8-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 57 mm @ 554 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 554 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 2 x - ??? telescopic |
Sight |
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 8-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| All front |
12 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| All side |
12 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| All rear |
12 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
8 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Downwards |
|
|
| Floor |
6 mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Crew |
|
| 8 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 2 |
Mechanics |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders, Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
230 l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Daimler-Knight |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
78 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
1,000 |
|
|
Cylinder: |
6 |
|
|
Capacity: |
13 l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
3-speed |
2 |
1 |
| Steering: |
Clutch-break |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
26 |
|
|
Type: |
Rigid non-spaced |
|
Idlers: |
Adjustable front track |
| Return rollers: |
10 |
|
|
Type: |
Top track |
| Drive Sprockets: |
2 |
|
|
Type: |
Rear drive |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
??? |
|
Length: |
??? cm |
|
Width: |
??? cm |
|
Pitch: |
??? cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
??? m |
|
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
6.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
1.2 km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
2.8 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
38 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
605 l/100 km |
Summary
Like the Mark II, the Mark III was also intended to be a training tank. Unlike the Mark II, the Mark III actually only served in that capacity and remained in England for the entire duration of the war. The most significant changes from the Mark II was that the sponsons were slimmed and that all of the Hotchkiss machine guns were replaced by Lewis machine guns. At least two tanks would survive up to the Second World War, where they were then scrapped.
Variants & Changes:
None
Mark IV
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Tank, Mark IV |
|
|
| Type: |
Heavy tank |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Mark III |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
Mark V |
|
|
| Produced: |
1,220 (all models) |
Production Date: |
3/1917-10/1918 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
1,220 |
3/1917-10/1918 |
|
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. |
820 |
??? |
|
William Foster & Co. |
100 |
??? |
|
Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth Co. Ltd. |
100 |
??? |
|
Coventry Ordnance Works Ltd. |
100 |
??? |
|
Mirlees Watson Co. |
50 |
??? |
|
William Beardmore Co. |
50 |
??? |
| Used: |
1,220 |
Service Date: |
1917-1940~ |
| User(s): |
British Army |
1917-1940~ |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
Heavy Branch, Machine Gun Corps |
???-07/1917 |
↓Reorganized↓ |
|
Tank Corps |
07/1917-18/10/1923 |
↓Reorganized↓ |
|
Royal Tank Corps |
18/10/1923-??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
28.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
8.05* m |
4.12 m |
2.49 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
*“Tadpole tails” would increase the length to 10.79 m.
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
| Original |
|
|
|
|
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (???) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
3 x |
.303-in Lewis Mk. I (???) |
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
600 rpm |
| Tadpole Support |
|
|
|
|
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (???) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
3 x |
.303-in Lewis Mk. I (???) |
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
600 rpm |
1 x |
M.L. 3-in Stokes Mk. I (???) |
Rear, ???, -/+???° @ ??°/s |
???, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
25 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| Original |
|
|
|
| 6-pr. 6-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 37 mm @ 411 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 411 m/s |
| Tadpole Support |
|
|
|
| 6-pr. 6-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 37 mm @ 411 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 411 m/s |
| 3-in Mortar |
|
|
|
|
M.L., 3-in, H.E., Mk. I |
HE |
5.3 kg/1,020 g Nitrostarch or TNT, 35 mm @ 198 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 2 x - ??? telescopic |
Sight |
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Lower frontal glacis |
16 mm @ 61° (LoS 33 mm) |
RHA |
| Lowest frontal glacis |
16 mm @ 69° (LoS 45 mm) |
RHA |
| Upper frontal glacis |
16 mm @ 44° (LoS 22 mm) |
RHA |
| Tower front |
16 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Sponson front |
16 mm @ 30° (LoS 18 mm) |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| All side |
12 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Sponson lower side |
12 mm @ 38° (LoS 15 mm) |
RHA |
| Exhaust side |
12 mm @ 34° (LoS 14 mm) |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| All rear |
12 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Tower rear |
12 mm @ 34° (LoS 14 mm) |
RHA |
| Sponson rear |
12 mm @ 15° (LoS 12 mm) |
RHA |
| Exhaust rear |
12 mm @ 28° (LoS 14 mm) |
RHA |
| Rear cover |
12 mm @ 26° (LoS 13 mm) |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
8 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Front roof |
8 mm @ 82° |
RHA |
| Exhaust roof |
8 mm @ 74° |
RHA |
| Upper rear roof |
8 mm @ 82° |
RHA |
| Lower rear roof |
12 mm @ 73° |
RHA |
| Downwards |
|
|
| Floor |
6 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Inwards |
|
|
| Inner track-sponson |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Sponson stowage |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Engine wall |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Transmission cover |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 8 |
Original |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 2 |
Mechanics |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders, Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| ?? |
Tadpole Support |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 2 |
Mechanics |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders, Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| ?? |
Mortar Crew |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
265 l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Daimler-Foster |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
78 or 93* kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
1,000 or 1,250* |
|
|
Cylinder: |
6 |
|
|
Capacity: |
16 l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
3-speed |
2 |
1 |
| Steering: |
Clutch-break |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
*Later Mk. IV were uprated to 93 kW @ 1,250 RPM, though most of these were modified to tank tenders afterwards.
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
26 |
|
|
Type: |
Rigid non-spaced |
|
Idlers: |
Adjustable front track |
| Return rollers: |
10 |
|
|
Type: |
Top track |
| Drive Sprockets: |
2 |
|
|
Type: |
Rear drive |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
90 |
|
Length: |
22.23 cm |
|
Width: |
52.07 cm |
|
Pitch: |
19.05 cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
??? m |
|
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
6.1 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
1.2 km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
2.8 or 3.3* kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
3.5* m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
56 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
590 l/100 km |
*Later Mk. IV were uprated to 93 kW @ 1,250 RPM, though most of these were modified to tank tenders afterwards.
*An installed “tadpole tail” increased their maximum trench to 4.25 m.
Summary
The Mark IV was the first truly mass-produced and, considered by the British Army, acceptable version of their First World War heavy tanks. It would form the largest component of the British tank force and see service from 1917 to 1918 on the frontlines of the conflict, and continue to see service up to 1940 as a training vehicle. Their first mass action was at the Battle of Cambrai where 460 Mark IV participated, proving the functionality of tanks, and three Mark IV would be a part of the first tank battle in history when they faced off against an A7V at Villers-Bretonneux. Captured examples, of at least 40 in number, would be used by Germany during the war, and after it a single Mark IV was imported to Japan.
They would serve up until at least 1940, before the last operational Mark IV, in training capacity, was damaged by a passing car.
Variants & Changes:
- 1917~: A “silencer” for their exhaust was installed on Mark IV tanks starting from early on in their production.
- 1917~: Unditching blocks were installed on the rear of tanks and positioned above the tracks. When necessary, they would be freed which would allow the tracks to carry them down and use them as additional traction against muddy ground.
- 1917-1918~: The unditching blocks were replaced by a singular unditching beam that stretched between both of the tracks once this modification became formalized.
- 1917-1918~: A single Mark IV was outfitted with Renold’s roller chains that were installed interior of the horns. These would deploy the unditching beam automatically by activating the roller chains from the interior of the tank rather than someone having to go outside to deploy it as normal from the tracks.
- 1917: Fascine bundles were installed on the front of tanks to assist in trench crossing during Cambrai. They weighed 30 cwt. (1,524 kg) and decreased the power-to-weight ratio from 2.8 kW/t to 2.6 kW/t.
- 1917-1918~: A single Mark IV had an Invicta mineroller installed on the front horns.
- 06/1917-10/1917: Several tanks were experimentally fitted with heavier tracks with better grip and a ramp on its front horns. It was intended to be used as a spearhead tank during the Operation Hush amphibious landings.
- 1917: In an attempt to improve their trench crossing abilities, “tadpole tails” were developed. These were installed to the rear tank horns and would increase their length to 10.79 m and their maximum trench from 3.5 m to 4.25 m, which would have been enough to overcome the larger anti-tank trenches being dug by the Germans. Despite 100 of these “tadpole tails” being made, none would be operationally used due to the introduction of the Mark V*.
- 1918~: A single “tadpole tail” Mark IV was experimentally modified to carry a 6-in. mortar in the rear between the horns.
- 1918~: The engine was uprated to 93 kW (125 hp) on later tanks which increased the power-to-weight ratio to 3.3 kW/t. However, most of these modified tanks were also converted to tank tenders due to the unreliability of the uprated engine.
- 1918: At least three tanks lengthened by means of cutting them behind the sponsons and then installing extra plating to increase the length by 6 ft, to 9.88 m. This served as the inspiration for the later Mk. V*.
Variant Images
A “stock” Mark IV.
A Mark IV with an unditching beam.
*A Mark IV with Renold’s roller chains to deploy an unditching beam.
Several Mark IV with fascine bundles installed.
*A Mark IV modified with an Invicta mineroller on the front horns.
A Mark IV modified with heavier tracks and a front ramp for Operation Hush.
A Mark IV with a “tadpole tail.”
Mark V
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Tank, Mark V |
|
|
| Type: |
Heavy tank |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Mark IV |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
Mark V* |
|
|
| Produced: |
400 (all models) |
Production Date: |
1917-1918 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
400 |
1917-1918 |
|
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. |
400 |
??? |
| Used: |
340~ |
Service Date: |
1917-1940 |
| User(s): |
British Army |
1917-1940 |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
Tank Corps |
1918-18/10/1923 |
↓Reorganized↓ |
|
Royal Tank Corps |
18/10/1923-??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
30.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
8.0* m |
4.1 m |
2.64 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
*“Tadpole tails” would increase the length to 10.74 m.
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
| Male |
|
|
|
|
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (282) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
4 x |
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (6,000) |
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
| Hermaphrodite |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (282) |
Right/Left Sponson, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
5 x |
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (6,000) |
Left/Right Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Manual, -6°/+12° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
|
|
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 6-pr. 6-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 37 mm @ 411 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 411 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 2 x - ??? telescopic |
Sight |
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Lower frontal glacis |
16 mm @ 61° (LoS 33 mm) |
RHA |
| Lowest frontal glacis |
16 mm @ 69° (LoS 45 mm) |
RHA |
| Upper frontal glacis |
16 mm @ 44° (LoS 22 mm) |
RHA |
| Towers front |
16 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Sponson front |
16 mm @ 30° (LoS 18 mm) |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| All side |
12 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Sponson lower side |
12 mm @ 38° (LoS 15 mm) |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| All rear |
12 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Tower rear |
12 mm @ 34° (LoS 14 mm) |
RHA |
| Sponson rear |
12 mm @ 15° (LoS 12 mm) |
RHA |
| Rear glacis |
12 mm @ 72° (LoS 39 mm) |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
8 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Front roof |
8 mm @ 82° |
RHA |
| Upper rear roof |
8 mm @ 82° |
RHA |
| Lower rear roof |
12 mm @ 74° |
RHA |
| Downwards |
|
|
| Floor |
6 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Inwards |
|
|
| Inner track-sponson |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Sponson stowage |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Engine wall |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Transmission cover |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 8 |
Male |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders, Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| 8 |
Hermaphrodite |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 1 |
Gun Loader, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 2 |
Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
420 l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Ricardo |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
110 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
1,200 |
|
|
Cylinder: |
6 |
|
|
Capacity: |
19 l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
Wilson epicyclic 4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
Wilson epicyclic clutch-break |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
26 |
|
|
Type: |
Rigid non-spaced |
|
Idlers: |
Adjustable front track |
| Return rollers: |
10 |
|
|
Type: |
Top track |
| Drive Sprockets: |
2 |
|
|
Type: |
30-tooth rear drive |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
90 |
|
Length: |
22.23 cm |
|
Width: |
52.07 or 67.31* cm |
|
Pitch: |
19.05 cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
??? m |
|
Later productions introduced the newer 26.5-in tracks.
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
7.7 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
1.4 km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
3.7 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
3.5* m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
72 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
583 l/100 km |
*An installed “tadpole tail” increased their maximum trench to 4.25 m.
Summary
The Mark V was introduced to fix the poor mobility that the prior Marks had. This was solved by introducing the Wilkinson transmission, allowing for the drivers to easily switch gears which allowed for far better mobility on average. It also introduced a stronger engine and replaced the machine guns with superior Hotchkiss. While not the most prominent tank of the war, they were the most widely used as they saw service within the American and Canadian tank forces, and would also be imported to Russia and subsequently captured by the Soviet Union.
Variants & Changes:
- 1918: Some female tanks were converted into hermaphrodites by replacing one female sponson with a male sponson. The replaced sponson could appear on either side, leading to two variations of the hermaphrodite.
- 09/1918: “Cribs” were installed on the front of tanks to assist in trench crossing during the attack on the Hindenburg Line. They weighed 12 cwt. (610 kg) and decreased the power-to-weight ratio from 3.7 kW/t to 3.6 kW/t.
- 1917: In an attempt to improve their trench crossing abilities, “tadpole tails” were developed. These were installed to the rear tank horns and would increase their length to 10.74 m and their maximum trench from 3.5 m to 4.25 m, which would have been enough to overcome the larger anti-tank trenches being dug by the Germans. Despite 100 of these “tadpole tails” being made, none would be operationally used due to the introduction of the Mark V*.
- 1918: Some later production tanks were produced with the newer 26.5-in tracks instead of the older 20.5-in tracks.
- Mark V*: See below.
Variant Images
A “stock” Mark V.
Several Estonian Mark V hermaphrodites.
Several Mark V with “cribs” installed.
Mark V*
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Tank, Mark V* |
|
|
| Type: |
Heavy tank |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Mark V |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
Mark V** |
|
|
| Produced: |
632 (all models) |
Production Date: |
1918-3/1919 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
632 |
1918-3/1919 |
|
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. |
632 |
1918-3/1919 |
| Used: |
340~ |
Service Date: |
1918-1930 |
| User(s): |
British Army |
1918-1930 |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
Tank Corps |
1918-18/10/1923 |
↓Reorganized↓ |
|
Royal Tank Corps |
18/10/1923-??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
33.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
9.88 m |
4.1 m |
2.64 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
*“Tadpole tails” would increase the length to 13.4 m.
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (???) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
4 x |
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (???) |
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 6-pr. 6-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 37 mm @ 411 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 411 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 2 x - ??? telescopic |
Sight |
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Lower frontal glacis |
16 mm @ 61° (LoS 33 mm) |
RHA |
| Lowest frontal glacis |
16 mm @ 69° (LoS 45 mm) |
RHA |
| Upper frontal glacis |
16 mm @ 44° (LoS 22 mm) |
RHA |
| Towers front |
16 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Sponson front |
16 mm @ 30° (LoS 18 mm) |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| All side |
12 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Sponson lower side |
12 mm @ 38° (LoS 15 mm) |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| All rear |
12 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Tower rear |
12 mm @ 34° (LoS 14 mm) |
RHA |
| Sponson rear |
12 mm @ 15° (LoS 12 mm) |
RHA |
| Rear glacis |
12 mm @ 72° (LoS 39 mm) |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
8 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Downwards |
|
|
| Floor |
6 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Inwards |
|
|
| Inner track-sponson |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Sponson stowage |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Engine wall |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Transmission cover |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 8 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders, Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
420 l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Ricardo |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
110 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
1,200 |
|
|
Cylinder: |
6 |
|
|
Capacity: |
19 l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
Wilson epicyclic 4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
Wilson epicyclic clutch-break |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
Rigid non-spaced |
|
Idlers: |
Adjustable front track |
| Return rollers: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
Top track |
| Drive Sprockets: |
2 |
|
|
Type: |
30-tooth rear drive |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
??? |
|
Length: |
22.23 cm |
|
Width: |
52.07* or 67.31 cm |
|
Pitch: |
19.05 cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
??? m |
|
Early productions retained the older 20.5-in tracks.
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
7.7 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
1.4 km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
3.3 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
4.25 m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
72 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
583 l/100 km |
Summary
As the war progressed, the Germans started to produce larger and larger trenches. The “tadpole tails” were an attempt to rectify that issue, but they proved too fragile. So, the Mark V was lengthened in its Mark V* version. However, since neither the tracks nor engine were modified, the heavier weight and the lengthened chassis reduced its mobility. Despite that, more versions of the lengthened tanks were produced than the original, and they would see service up until 1930 when the last tanks were decommissioned and placed in storage. They would also see service within the American, French, and Canadian militaries.
Variants & Changes:
- 1918: Some early production tanks were produced with the older 20.5-in tracks instead of the newer 26.5-in tracks.
- 1918: A single Mark V* was modified with a “tadpole tail.” This extended the tank to a length of 44 feet, making it the longest produced tank of the war, but it was nearly impossible to turn due to that and the “tadpole tail” was thusly removed.
- Mark V**: See below.
Variant Images
A “stock” Mark V*.
Artist depiction of the “tadpole tail” Mark V*.
Mark V**
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Tank, Mark V** |
|
|
| Type: |
Heavy tank |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Mark V* |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
25 |
Production Date: |
1918-1919 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
25 |
1918-1919 |
|
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. |
25 |
1918-1919 |
| Used: |
25 |
Service Date: |
1918-??? |
| User(s): |
British Army |
1918-??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
Tank Corps |
1918-18/10/1923 |
↓Reorganized↓ |
|
Royal Tank Corps |
18/10/1923-??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
33.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
9.88 m |
4.1 m |
2.64 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
*“Tadpole tails” would increase the length to 13.4 m.
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (???) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
4 x |
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (???) |
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 6-pr. 6-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 37 mm @ 411 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 411 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 2 x - ??? telescopic |
Sight |
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| All front |
16 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| All side |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| All rear |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
8 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Downwards |
|
|
| Floor |
6 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 8 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders, Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
420 l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Ricardo |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
165 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
6 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
Wilson epicyclic 4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
Wilson epicyclic clutch-break |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
Rigid non-spaced |
|
Idlers: |
Adjustable front track |
| Return rollers: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
Top track |
| Drive Sprockets: |
2 |
|
|
Type: |
30-tooth rear drive |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
??? |
|
Length: |
22.23 cm |
|
Width: |
67.31 cm |
|
Pitch: |
??? cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
??? m |
|
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
8.4 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
1.4 km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
5.0 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
4.25 m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
The Mark V** was the most advanced version of the heavy tank produced during the war. Albeit, produced “during” is a bit of a misnomer, as only one was completed before the end of the war. Due to that, the original order of 700 tanks was cancelled after only 25 had been made. It fixed the problems introduced by the lengthening of its previous Mark by reducing the pitch of the tracks which allowed more of the track to reach the ground, thus reducing the ground pressure. Combined with the uprated engine, it proved to be more mobile than its predecessor.
Variants & Changes:
None
Mark VII
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Tank, Mark VII |
|
|
| Type: |
Heavy tank |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Experimental Machine D |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
3 |
Production Date: |
1918 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
3 |
1918 |
|
Brown Brothers |
3 |
1918 |
| Used: |
N/A |
Service Date: |
N/A |
| User(s): |
N/A |
N/A |
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
33.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
8.96 m |
3.91 m |
2.62 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (???) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
4 x |
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (???) |
Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 6-pr. 6-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 37 mm @ 411 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 411 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 2 x - ??? telescopic |
Sight |
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
??? mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 8 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Mechanic |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders, Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Ricardo |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
110 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
6 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
??? |
?? |
?? |
| Steering: |
Williams-Janney hydraulic |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
Rigid non-spaced |
|
Idlers: |
Adjustable front track |
| Return rollers: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
Top track |
| Drive Sprockets: |
2 |
|
|
Type: |
Rear drive |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
??? |
|
Length: |
22.23 cm |
|
Width: |
67.31 cm |
|
Pitch: |
??? cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
??? m |
|
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
6.4 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
3.3 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
The Mark VII was the final development of three in implementing the Williams-Janney hydraulic system onto a production tank. Previously, it had been tested on a Mark II and a Mark V in 1917 and 1918, respectively, but the Mark VII was meant to be a production tank alongside the Mark V and had an order of 75 placed. However, due to the end of the war, only 3 of 75 were built and none of them would officially enter service in the British Army, probably due to the Mark VIII being the Mark V**'s likely successor.
Variants & Changes:
None
Mark VIII
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Tank, Mark VII |
|
|
| Type: |
Heavy tank |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
None |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
24+1 |
Production Date: |
1918 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
24+1 |
1918 |
|
Brown Brothers |
24+1 |
1918 |
| Used: |
0 |
Service Date: |
N/A |
| User(s): |
N/A |
N/A |
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
33.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
8.96 m |
3.91 m |
2.62 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
2 x |
Q.F. Hotchkiss 6-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. I/II (208) |
Sponsons, Mechanical, -/+52.5° @ 15°/s |
Mechanical, -6°/+12° @ 4°/s |
20 rpm |
7 x |
.303-in Hotchkiss Mk. I (21,000) |
Large Ballports, Manual, -/+???° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
|
|
Small Ballports, Manual, -/+45° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -10°/+10° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 6-pr. 6-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Steel Shell, Mk. XIII |
SAPHE |
2.72 kg/15 g Lyddite, 37 mm @ 411 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., M.D., Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
2.72 kg/160 g TNT, 5 mm @ 411 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 2 x - ??? telescopic |
Sight |
2-3.5x zoom, for 6-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Lower frontal glacis |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Lowest frontal glacis |
16 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Upper frontal glacis |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Towers front |
16 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Driver’s turret |
10 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Sponson front |
16 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| All side |
12 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Tower side |
16 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Wing-skirting plates |
10 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Sponson lower side |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| All rear |
12 mm @ 0° |
RHA |
| Tower rear |
12 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Gasoline rear |
16 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
6 mm @ 90° |
RHA |
| Gasoline roof |
10 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Downwards |
|
|
| Floor |
6 mm @ 90° |
RHA |
| Sponson floor |
8 mm @ 90° |
RHA |
| Inwards |
|
|
| Engine wall |
12 mm |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 12 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Mechanic |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders |
| 5 |
Machine Gunners, Machine Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
908 l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Rolls-Royce* or Ricardo |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
221 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
12 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
Epicyclic 2-speed |
2 |
2 |
| Steering: |
Epicyclic clutch-break |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
*Mild steel pilot used a 221 kW Rolls-Royce.
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
29 |
|
|
Type: |
Rigid spaced (14), non-spaced (15) |
|
Idlers: |
Adjustable front track |
| Return rollers: |
1 |
|
|
Type: |
Top track |
| Drive Sprockets: |
2 |
|
|
Type: |
35-tooth rear drive |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
78 |
|
Length: |
??? cm |
|
Width: |
67.31 cm |
|
Pitch: |
28.33 cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
2.59 m |
|
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
7.7 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
1.4 km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
5.7 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
40° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
4.88 m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
1.4 m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
86 cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
12.3 m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
64 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
1,418 l/100 km |
Summary
The Mark VIII was a collective British-American-French development to create an international heavy tank for use in the planned 1919 offensives. However, due to the end of the war and delays in its development, the initial order for 1,450 was made, but ultimately only 24, plus the mild steel prototype, would be completed, and of that only 5 saw trails at Bovington with the rest being scrapped. The French Mark VIII was never constructed, their factory laying dormant, while the Americans produced 100 Mark VIII. These differed mostly in armament, with the British retaining all original machine guns and positions while the Americans opted to remove two of the positions, reducing the crew from twelve to ten, and rearming them with native Brownings.
Variants & Changes:
- 1918: The mild steel prototype had its hull assembled in England and its armaments and automotive assembled in America. This included a Liberty 12 engine and a rear-side exhaust, but was otherwise identical to later British productions.
- 1919: First British mild steel tank produced with a Rolls-Royce engine.
- 1919: Reengined with a Ricardo engine.
- 1919: All later 24 productions produced with a Ricardo engine.
Variant Images
Mild steel prototype.
Production tank under British trials.
SELF-PROPELLED GUNS
Maudslay
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Prototype |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Maudslay 1909 |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
1 |
Production Date: |
1909 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
1 |
1909 |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
0 |
Service Date: |
N/A |
| User(s): |
N/A |
N/A |
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
??? t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
37-mm McClean Mk. III (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
100 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 37 mm Gun |
|
|
|
|
??? |
SAPHE |
0.493 kg/11.8 g Black Powder, 30 mm @ 650 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for ??? |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Crew |
|
| 2 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner, Gun Loader |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - ??? |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
??? kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
3.3 l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
Rear |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
In 1909, the McClean Mk. III was sent to Britain and mounted on a car in a final attempt to sell the gun to a buyer. However, the design was rejected and ended the commercial ventures of the Mk. III, until it was further redesigned in 1916 and sold to Russia.
Variants & Changes:
None
Lothian
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Lothian 3-ton |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
??? |
Production Date: |
??? |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
??? |
??? |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
??? |
Service Date: |
??? |
| User(s): |
British Army |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
??? t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
???* (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
??? rpm |
*The type of gun is not specified and what can be seen of its appearance matches the description of several types of guns, including: 3-pr. Vickers, 3-pr. Hotchkiss, 6-pr. Hotchkiss, and 6-pr. Nordenfelt.
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| ??? Gun |
|
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for ??? |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Crew |
|
| 5 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Tylor |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
37 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
1,300 |
|
|
Cylinder: |
??? |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
Chain gear 4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
Rear |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
At least one Lothian 3-ton was converted to a gun carrier, but information on it is scarce.
Variants & Changes:
None
AEC B Type
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
AEC B Type |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
1 |
Production Date: |
1914 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
1 |
1914 |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
1 |
Service Date: |
1914-??? |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
1914-??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
??? t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 3-pr. 5-cwt. Vickers Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -5°/+30° @ ??°/s |
20 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 3-pr. 5-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Steel Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/49.6 g Black Powder F.G., 62 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Common Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/39 g Black Powder F.G., 66 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. V |
HE |
1.587 kg/120.5 g Lyddite & 5.3 g TNT, 11 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
1.5 kg/120 g Lyddite, 10 mm @ 785 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 3-pr. 5-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Gunshield |
??? mm @ ??° |
??? |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| Side interior |
??? mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Side exterior |
??? mm @ ??° |
Wood |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| Side interior |
??? mm @ ??° |
Mild steel |
| Side exterior |
??? mm @ ??° |
Wood |
| Crew |
|
| 4 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 1 |
Gun Loader |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - ??? |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
18 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
Silent chain 4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
18.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
A single AEC B Type, alongside a 5-ton Mercedes, were converted into 3-pr. lorries by the RNAS in order to support machine gun armored cars during 1914. Afterwards, information on their whereabouts is lost.
Variants & Changes:
None
Mercedes-Daimler
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Mercedes-Daimler Typ DM |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
1 |
Production Date: |
1914 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
1 |
1914 |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
1 |
Service Date: |
1914-??? |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
1914-??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
??? t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
7.3 m |
2.1 m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 3-pr. 5-cwt. Vickers Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -5°/+30° @ ??°/s |
20 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 3-pr. 5-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Steel Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/49.6 g Black Powder F.G., 62 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Common Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/39 g Black Powder F.G., 66 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. V |
HE |
1.587 kg/120.5 g Lyddite & 5.3 g TNT, 11 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
1.5 kg/120 g Lyddite, 10 mm @ 785 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 3-pr. 5-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Cab front |
6.35 mm @ ??° |
??? |
| Gunshield |
??? mm @ ??° |
??? |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| Cab side |
6.35 mm @ ??° |
??? |
| Crew |
|
| 4 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 1 |
Gun Loader |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Daimler |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
16 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
Mercedes 4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
Rear |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
18.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
A single 5-ton Mercedes, alongside a AEC B Type, were converted into 3-pr. lorries by the RNAS in order to support machine gun armored cars during 1914. Afterwards, information on their whereabouts is lost.
Variants & Changes:
None
Gunn Carrier Mark I
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
Gun Carrier, Mark I |
|
|
| Type: |
Gun carrier |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
None |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
48+1 |
Production Date: |
07/1917-03/1918 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
48+1 |
07/1917-03/1918 |
|
Kitson & Co. |
??? |
??? |
|
Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Co. |
??? |
??? |
| Used: |
48 |
Service Date: |
1917-??? |
| User(s): |
British Army |
1917-??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
31.0 or 35.0 t* |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
13.0 m |
3.0 m |
3.0 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
*31 t with the 60-pr. and 35 t with the 6-in.
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
| 60-pr. Gun Carrier |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
B.L. 60-pr. Mk. I (64) |
Open, Mechanical, -/+4° @ ??°/s |
Mechanical, -5°/+21.5° @ ??°/s |
2 rpm |
| 6-in Gun Carrier |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
B.L. 6-in 26-cwt. Mk. I (64) |
Open, Mechanical, -/+4° @ ??°/s |
Mechanical, -0°/+45° @ ??°/s |
2 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 60-pr. Gun |
|
|
|
|
B.L., 60-pr., Lyddite, Common Shell, Mk. III |
HE |
27.22 kg/2,722 g Lyddite & 120 g Picric, 39 mm @ 630 m/s |
| 6-in 26-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
B.L., 6-in, C.P. Shell, Mk. XIIA |
HE |
45.36 kg/4,961 g Lyddite, 46 mm @ 430 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 60-pr. Gun Carrier |
|
|
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 60-pr. |
| 6-in Gun Carrier |
|
|
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 6-in 26-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
??? mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 12 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander, Assistant Driver |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 2 |
Mechanics |
| 1 |
Artillery Officer |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 5 |
Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Daimler-Knight |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
78 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
1,000 |
|
|
Cylinder: |
12 |
|
|
Capacity: |
13 l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
3-speed |
2 |
1 |
| Steering: |
Clutch-break |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
None |
|
| Road wheels: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
??? |
|
Idlers: |
??? |
| Return rollers: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
??? |
| Drive Sprockets: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
??? |
| Tracks |
|
|
| Type: |
Continuous linked steel |
|
|
Shoes: |
??? |
|
Length: |
??? cm |
|
Width: |
??? cm |
|
Pitch: |
??? cm |
|
Depth: |
??? cm |
| Ground Contact: |
??? m |
|
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
6.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
1.2 km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
2.3 or 2.5 kW/t* |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
37.8 km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
*2.5 kW/t with the 60-pr. and 2.3 kW/t with the 6-in.
Summary
Early on, it was recognized that larger guns were becoming more and more difficult to tow by horse and that increasingly powerful automobiles and tractors were serving as their replacements. However, few vehicles would easily keep up with infantry during the advances during trench warfare where the ground became muddied and battered with craters. To rectify this, based on the development of the Mark I tank, the Gun Carrier of the same Mark was developed. They would see service starting from 1917 and to the end of the war, where they excelled in transporting artillery that would be far less mobile otherwise. However, their intended use as artillery units themselves was oftentimes replaced by simply being a transport for artillery and ammunition, especially during the later parts of the war.
Variants & Changes:
- 1917: Prototype constructed with open driver and brakesman positions.
- 1917-1918: Constructed with both 60-pr. and 6-in capability.
- 1918: Steering tails removed.
Variant Images
Gun Carrier with 60-pr.
Gun Carrier with 6-in.
ANTI-AIRCRAFT VEHICLES
Austin
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Austin 3-ton |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
1 |
Production Date: |
1914 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
1 |
1914 |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
1 |
Service Date: |
1914-??? |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
1914-??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
|
|
|
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve |
1914-??? |
↓Transferred↓ |
|
Royal Naval Anti-Aircraft Squadron |
??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
4.35 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 1-pr. Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
300 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 1-pr. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 1-pr., Steel Shell, Mk. I |
SAPHE |
0.454 kg/13 g Pistol Powder, 22 mm @ 550 m/s |
|
Q.F., 1-pr., Common Shell, Mk. I |
HE |
0.454 kg/22 g Pistol Powder, 4 mm @ 550 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 1-pr. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Crew |
|
| 4 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 1 |
Gun Loader |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - ??? |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
22 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
??? |
?? |
?? |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
Rear |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
5.1 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
As a part of early attempts to combat zeppelin raids and other aircraft over Britain, two Austin 3-ton were converted to air defense vehicles. One was fitted with a searchlight and the other with a 1-pr. “pom-pom” to act as a battery, and they were initially deployed to London. However, they were later recalled and deployed to France to deploy the coast since the 1-pr. wasn’t capable of reaching the later zeppelins. Furthermore, their age made them unsuitable for frontline deployment where their gun might actually see some use. Records on them are lost after their French deployment.
Variants & Changes:
None
Albion A10
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Albion A10 3-ton |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
1 |
Production Date: |
??? |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
1 |
??? |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
1 |
Service Date: |
??? |
| User(s): |
??? |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
??? |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
??? t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
5.49 m |
2.44 m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 2-pr. Mk. II (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
200 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 2-pr. Gun |
|
|
|
|
??? |
AP |
0.91 kg, 42 mm @ 585 m/s |
|
??? |
SAPHE |
0.91 kg/23 g ???, 36 mm @ 585 m/s |
|
??? |
HE |
0.91 kg/71 g ???, 6 mm @ 585 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 2-pr. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - ??? |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
24 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
4-speed |
4 |
?? |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
Rear |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
25.7km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
Albion A10 were widely used by the British during the Second World War, so it’s no surprise that at least one was converted as a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun. However, aside from the sole picture of it, its details aren’t known.
Variants & Changes:
None
Pierce-Arrow AA
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Anti-aircraft armored lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Pierce-Arrow 5-ton |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
48 |
Production Date: |
04/1915-06/1915 |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
48 |
04/1915-06/1915 |
|
Wolseley Motors Ltd. |
48 |
04/1915-06/1915 |
| Used: |
48 |
Service Date: |
1915-??? |
| User(s): |
Royal Marines |
1915-??? |
|
|
Royal Naval Air Service |
1915-??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
Royal Marines |
|
|
|
Royal Marine Artillery Anti-Aircraft Brigade |
1915-??? |
??? |
|
Royal Naval Air Service |
|
|
|
Royal Naval Armoured Car Division |
??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
6.1 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
5.2 m |
2.08 m |
1.57 m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 2-pr. Mk. II (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+???° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ ??°/s |
200 rpm |
1 x |
Vickers .303-in Mk. I (???) |
Port, Manual, -/+???° @ 60°/s |
Manual, -??°/+??° @ 60°/s |
450 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 2-pr. Gun |
|
|
|
|
??? |
AP |
0.91 kg, 42 mm @ 585 m/s |
|
??? |
SAPHE |
0.91 kg/23 g ???, 36 mm @ 585 m/s |
|
??? |
HE |
0.91 kg/71 g ???, 6 mm @ 585 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 2-pr. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| Original |
|
|
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Front |
5 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| Side |
5 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| Rear |
5 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
??? mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Uparmored |
|
|
| Frontwards |
|
|
| Front |
8 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Sidewards |
|
|
| Side |
8 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Rearwards |
|
|
| Rear |
8 mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Upwards |
|
|
| Roof |
??? mm @ ??° |
RHA |
| Crew |
|
| 6 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 3 |
Gun Loaders |
| 1 |
Machine Gunner, Machine Gun Loader |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - ??? |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
22 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
??? |
?? |
?? |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
Leaf spring |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
40.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
3.6 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
The Pierce-Arrow were the most epidemic armored lorries found during the First World War. They served in both anti-ground and anti-air capacities, with the anti-aircraft version first finding use by the Royal Marines being immediately deployed to France to ward off German aircraft. Later, at least one of the lorries would be sent with the RNAS as a part of the expeditionary force in Russia.
Variants & Changes:
1915: Initial 32 lorries produced with 5 mm thick armor
1915: Last 16 lorries produced with 8 mm thick armor.
Lancia 1Z
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Lancia 1Z |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
??? |
Production Date: |
??? |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
??? |
??? |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
??? |
Service Date: |
??? |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
Royal Naval Air Service |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
??? t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
7.3 m |
2.1 m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 3-pr. 5-cwt. Vickers Mk. II (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -5°/+50° @ ??°/s |
20 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 3-pr. 5-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Steel Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/49.6 g Black Powder F.G., 62 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, Common Shell, Mk. II |
SAPHE |
1.5 kg/39 g Black Powder F.G., 66 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. V |
HE |
1.587 kg/120.5 g Lyddite & 5.3 g TNT, 11 mm @ 785 m/s |
|
Q.F., 6-pr., Hotchkiss, H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
1.5 kg/120 g Lyddite, 10 mm @ 785 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 3-pr. 5-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Crew |
|
| 6 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 2 |
Gunners |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Lancia tipo 61 |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
26 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
60.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
The Lancia 1Z was used as the basis for a fleet of self-propelled anti-aircraft guns manned by the RNAS.
Variants & Changes:
None
Packard
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
??? |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
??? |
Production Date: |
??? |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
??? |
??? |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
??? |
Service Date: |
??? |
| User(s): |
British Army |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
Royal Garrison Artillery |
??? |
??? |
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
??? t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. III (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -0°/+70° @ ??°/s |
??? rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 13-pr. 6-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 13-pr., H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
??? kg/262 g Amatol, 14 mm @ 490 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. III |
Sh-TF |
??? kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 236 Balls, ??? mm @ 490 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. II |
Sh-TF |
5.7 kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 234 Balls, ??? mm @ 490 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 13-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - ??? |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
??? kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
??? |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
??? |
?? |
?? |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
??? |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
Thorneycroft and Daimler were the norm for 13-pr. gun carriers during the war, so the appearance of a Packard as one is odd and it’s reflected in the utter lack of information about this type outside of a few pictures.
Variants & Changes:
None
Daimler Mk. III
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Daimler Mk. III |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
??? |
Production Date: |
??? |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
??? |
??? |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
??? |
Service Date: |
??? |
| User(s): |
British Army |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
??? t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. III (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -0°/+70° @ ??°/s |
??? rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 13-pr. 6-cwt. Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 13-pr., H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
??? kg/262 g Amatol, 14 mm @ 490 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. III |
Sh-TF |
??? kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 236 Balls, ??? mm @ 490 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. II |
Sh-TF |
5.7 kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 234 Balls, ??? mm @ 490 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 13-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Crew |
|
| 5 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Daimler |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
??? kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
??? |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
??? |
?? |
?? |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
Rear |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
20.0 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
Early during the First World War, few countries had true anti-aircraft guns. Of those that did, the majority were improvised from normal field guns. The 13-pr. 6-cwt. was one of those and was fitted on both Thornycroft J Type and Daimler Mk. III lorries. However, the poor velocity of the guns quickly relegated them to minor usage after the 13-pr. 9-cwt. and 3-in 20-cwt. guns started to appear. All 13-pr. 6-cwt. were converted back into normal field guns at the end of the war, presumably all Thornycroft and Daimler were also converted back to normal lorries.
Variants & Changes:
None
Thornycroft J Type
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Thornycroft J Type |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
??? |
Production Date: |
??? |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
??? |
??? |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
??? |
Service Date: |
??? |
| User(s): |
British Army |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
4.52 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
| 9-cwt. Mk. III/IV Carrier |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 13-pr. 9-cwt. Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -0°/+80° @ ??°/s |
8 rpm |
| 6-cwt. Mk. IV Carrier |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. IV (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -0°/+85° @ ??°/s |
??? rpm |
| 6-cwt. Mk. I/II Mount |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. III (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -0°/+70° @ ??°/s |
??? rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 13-pr. 9-cwt. Mk. I Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 13-pr., H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
??? kg/262 g Amatol, 14 mm @ 670 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. III |
Sh-TF |
??? kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 236 Balls, ??? mm @ 670 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. II |
Sh-TF |
5.7 kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 234 Balls, ??? mm @ 670 m/s |
| 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. IV Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 13-pr., H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
??? kg/262 g Amatol, 14 mm @ 488 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. III |
Sh-TF |
??? kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 236 Balls, ??? mm @ 488 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. II |
Sh-TF |
5.7 kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 234 Balls, ??? mm @ 488 m/s |
| 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. III Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 13-pr., H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
??? kg/262 g Amatol, 14 mm @ 490 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. III |
Sh-TF |
??? kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 236 Balls, ??? mm @ 490 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. II |
Sh-TF |
5.7 kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 234 Balls, ??? mm @ 490 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 9-cwt. Mk. III/IV Carrier |
|
|
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 13-pr. 9-cwt. |
| 6-cwt. Mk. I/II/IV Carrier |
|
|
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 13-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Crew |
|
| 5 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Thornycroft I-4 |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
33 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
4-speed |
4 |
1 |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
??? |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
19.3 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
7.3 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
Early during the First World War, few countries had true anti-aircraft guns. Of those that did, the majority were improvised from normal field guns. The 13-pr. 6-cwt. was one of those and was fitted on both Thornycroft J Type and Daimler Mk. III lorries. However, the poor velocity of the guns quickly relegated them to minor usage after the 13-pr. 9-cwt. and 3-in 20-cwt. guns started to appear. All 13-pr. 6-cwt. were converted back into normal field guns at the end of the war, presumably all Thornycroft and Daimler were also converted back to normal lorries.
The 13-pr. 9-cwt. were far more successful and became a staple across the major theatres.
Variants & Changes:
- 6-cwt., Mk. I Mount: Some Thornycroft produced with 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. III guns on Mk. I mounts.
- 6-cwt., Mk. II Mount: Some Thornycroft produced with 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. III guns on Mk. II mounts.
- 6-cwt. Mk. IV: At least one Thornycroft produced with the slightly shorter but higher-angle 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. IV gun.
- 9-cwt., Mk. III Mount: Some Thornycroft produced with 13-pr. 9-cwt. Mk. I guns on Mk. III mounts.
- 9-cwt., Mk. IV Mount: Majority of Thornycroft produced with 13-pr. 9-cwt. Mk. I guns on Mk. IV mounts.
Variant Images
Thornycroft with 13-pr. 6-cwt. on Mk. II mounting.
Thornycroft with 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. IV gun.
Thornycroft with 13-pr. 9-cwt. on Mk. IV mounting.
Peerless TC-4
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
Peerless TC-4 |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
??? |
Production Date: |
??? |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
??? |
??? |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
??? |
Service Date: |
??? |
| User(s): |
British Army |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
7.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
| 20-cwt. Carrier |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 3-in 20-cwt. Mk. I/* (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -10°/+90° @ ??°/s |
16 rpm |
| 9-cwt. Type A Carrier |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 13-pr. 9-cwt. Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -10°/+90° @ ??°/s |
8 rpm |
| 9-cwt. Mk. IV Carrier |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 13-pr. 9-cwt. Mk. I (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -0°/+80° @ ??°/s |
8 rpm |
| 6-cwt. Carrier |
|
|
|
|
1 x |
Q.F. 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. IV (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -0°/+85° @ ??°/s |
??? rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 3-in 20-cwt. Mk. I/* Gun |
|
|
|
|
??? |
HE |
7.26 kg/530 g TNT, 20 mm @ 640 m/s |
|
Q.F., 3-in, Shrapnel Shell, Mk. II |
Sh-TF |
??? kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 83 Balls, ??? mm @ 762 m/s |
|
Q.F., 3-in, Shrapnel Shell, Mk. I |
Sh-T-TF |
5.7 kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 79 Balls, ??? mm @ 762 m/s |
| 13-pr. 9-cwt. Mk. I Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 13-pr., H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
??? kg/262 g Amatol, 14 mm @ 670 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. III |
Sh-TF |
??? kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 236 Balls, ??? mm @ 670 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. II |
Sh-TF |
5.7 kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 234 Balls, ??? mm @ 670 m/s |
| 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. IV Gun |
|
|
|
|
Q.F., 13-pr., H.E. Shell, Mk. II |
HE |
??? kg/262 g Amatol, 14 mm @ 488 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. III |
Sh-TF |
??? kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 236 Balls, ??? mm @ 488 m/s |
|
Q.F., 13-pr., Shrapnel Shell, Mk. II |
Sh-TF |
5.7 kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 234 Balls, ??? mm @ 488 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 20-cwt. Carrier |
|
|
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 3-in 20-cwt. |
| 9-cwt. Mk. IV/Type A Carrier |
|
|
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 13-pr. 9-cwt. |
| 6-cwt. Carrier |
|
|
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 13-pr. 6-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Crew |
|
| 5 |
Total |
| 1 |
Commander |
| 1 |
Driver |
| 1 |
Gunner |
| 2 |
Gun Loaders |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Peerless |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
29 kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
4 |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
4-speed |
4 |
?? |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
4x2 |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
25.7 km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
4.2 kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
Peerless were one of the staple lorries used for anti-aircraft purposes during the First World War, though they came later than the earlier Thornycroft and Daimlers. Due to that, they used the latest 13-pr. and 3-in guns and their respective mountings, along with at least one modification of a 13-pr. gun on the mounting of a 3-in gun.
Variants & Changes:
- 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. IV: Few Peerless produced with 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. IV guns.
- 13-pr. 9-cwt., Mk. IV Mounting: Most Peerless produced with 13-pr. 9-cwt. Mk. I guns on Mk. IV mounts.
- 13-pr. 9-cwt., Type A Mounting: Few Peerless produced with 13-pr. 9-cwt. Mk. I guns on Type A mounts, taken from 3-in guns.
- 3-in 20-cwt.: Few Peerless produced with 3-in 20-cwt. guns.
Variant Images
Peerless with 13-pr. 6-cwt. Mk. IV gun.
Peerless with 13-pr. 9-cwt. on Type A mounting.
Peerless with 3-in 20-cwt. gun.
Daimler
| General |
|
|
|
| Name(s): |
??? |
|
|
| Type: |
Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on lorry |
|
|
| Status: |
Production |
|
|
| Derived From: |
??? |
|
|
| Derivatives: |
None |
|
|
| Produced: |
??? |
Production Date: |
??? |
| Producer(s): |
United Kingdom |
??? |
??? |
|
??? |
|
|
| Used: |
??? |
Service Date: |
??? |
| User(s): |
British Army |
??? |
|
Full User(s) List
| – |
Unit |
Date |
Status |
| User(s): |
British Army |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
| Dimensions |
|
|
|
| Weight: |
7.0 t |
|
|
| Ground Pressure: |
??? kg/cm² |
|
|
|
Length |
Width |
Height |
| Vehicle: |
??? m |
??? m |
??? m |
| Ground Clearance: |
??? cm |
|
|
| Armaments |
|
|
|
|
# of |
Munition (Ammo #) |
Location(s), Type, Horizontal |
Type, Vertical |
Firing Rate |
1 x |
Q.F. 3-in 20-cwt. Mk. I/* (???) |
Pedestal, Manual, -/+180° @ ??°/s |
Manual, -10°/+90° @ ??°/s |
16 rpm |
| Ammunition |
|
|
|
|
Bullet |
Type |
Weight/Filler, Penetration @ Velocity |
| 3-in 20-cwt. Mk. I/* Gun |
|
|
|
|
??? |
HE |
7.26 kg/530 g TNT, 20 mm @ 640 m/s |
|
Q.F., 3-in, Shrapnel Shell, Mk. II |
Sh-TF |
??? kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 83 Balls, ??? mm @ 762 m/s |
|
Q.F., 3-in, Shrapnel Shell, Mk. I |
Sh-T-TF |
5.7 kg/35.44 g F.G. Powder & 79 Balls, ??? mm @ 762 m/s |
| Devices |
|
|
| # of - Name |
Type |
Effect, Location/for |
| 1 x - ??? |
Sight |
???x zoom, for 3-in 20-cwt. |
| Protection |
|
|
| Location |
Thickness |
Type |
| All |
N/A |
None |
| Automotive |
|
|
|
| Fuel Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
| Engine(s): |
1 x - Peerless |
|
|
|
Type: |
Gasoline |
|
|
Horsepower: |
??? kW |
|
|
@ RPM |
??? |
|
|
Cylinder: |
??? |
|
|
Capacity: |
??? l |
|
|
|
Foward |
Reverse |
| Transmission: |
4-speed |
4 |
?? |
| Steering: |
??? |
|
|
| Brakes: |
Mechanical |
|
|
| Suspension |
|
|
| Type: |
??? |
|
| Road wheels: |
??? |
|
|
Type: |
Spoked |
|
Steering: |
??? |
| Mobility |
|
|
| Maximum Forward Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Maximum Reverse Speed: |
??? km/h |
|
| Power-to-Weight Ratio: |
??? kW/t |
|
| Maximum Grade: |
???° |
|
| Maximum Trench: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Wall: |
??? m |
|
| Maximum Fording: |
??? cm |
|
| Minimum Turning Diameter: |
??? m |
|
| Cruising Range: |
??? km |
|
|
Mileage: |
??? l/100 km |
Summary
At least one Daimler, though the exact model isn’t known, was used as a carrier for a 3-in 20-cwt. gun.
Variants & Changes:
None
