I know how pressure effects submarines. Obviously maximum safe depth/crush depth should me modeled and be a part of gameplay mechanics.
I was referring to this line from your initial post:
Otherwise I like your proposal.
2 Likes
Im glad i came back to the submarine thread after a long time. Because i did i found my favorite piece of art. Tho i am not an art person, or so i thought, could you pls send your original to the louvre or some other main museum so i can visit it. Because I’m sure nothing beats the original, or something that art ppl for sure say. I’m willing to travel to see it. anywhere central europe will do.
Thx in advance
2 Likes
Im waiting for subs in next update
2 Likes
If you’re referring to the September major update… it doesn’t seem likely at this point. Gaijin has revealed a lot of the update’s new mechanics already, and while it’s entirely possible that subs are going to sneak in (heh) I think we would have heard about them by now.
If they’re coming this year, it seems like the fourth or fifth major update would be the more likely candidates.
1 Like
I created this suggestion year ago but never actually finished it. Just some food for thought…
Spoiler
Submarines in Realistic PVP game (Warthunder)
Battle Rating
Below factors determines the submarine battle efficiency
- Speed surfaced
- Speed submerged
- Torpedoes
- Speed
- Range
- Quantity
- Warhead
- Technology
- Crew size
- Deck guns
- Quantity
- Type (caliber, rate of fire, etc.)
- Time submerged (Oxygen, batteries, if added)
- Technology (Hydrophone, Sonar, Radar, Decoys, etc.)
Soft Balance
-
Time submerged
-
Oxygen capacity - Specific time based on crew and size of sub
-
Batteries - Like fuel in air battles but burning only when submerged
-
Reload speed of torpedoes
- Standard - More or stronger (heavier warhead) torpedoes = higher reload time. Similar to reload speed in Tank and Ship vehicle types.
- Hydraulic reload (for example German Type XXI and modern) - Equivalent of autoloader on tanks. Not as fast though.
-
Torpedo Data Computer
- Older submarines would get firing solutions slower than later submarines. Equivalent of Range finder in tank battles
-
Reload speed of deck guns
- This especially needs to be taken into account for Cruiser submarines with big guns - Cruiser submarine - Wikipedia
Hangar
Submarines
Summary of submarine types:
Spoiler
Midget submarine
A midget submarine is any submarine under 150 tons,[1] typically operated by a crew of one or two but sometimes up to six or nine, with little or no on-board living accommodation. They normally work with mother ships, from which they are launched and recovered and which provide living accommodation for the crew and support staff.
Coastal submarine
A coastal submarine or littoral submarine is a small, maneuverable submarine with shallow draft well suited to navigation of coastal channels and harbors. Although size is not precisely defined, coastal submarines are larger than midget submarines, but smaller than sea-going submarines designed for longer patrols on the open ocean. Space limitations aboard coastal submarines restrict fuel availability for distant travel, food availability for extended patrol duration, and number of weapons carried.
Cruiser submarine
A cruiser submarine was a very large submarine designed to remain at sea for extended periods in areas distant from base facilities. Their role was analogous to surface cruisers, cruising distant waters, commerce raiding, and scouting for the battle fleet. Cruiser submarines were successful for a brief period of World War I, but were less successful than smaller submarines during World War II. Large submarines remained vulnerable to damage from defensively equipped merchant ships (DEMS), were slow to dive if found by aircraft, offered a large sonar echo surface, and were less able to defensively maneuver during depth charge attacks.
Fleet submarine
A fleet submarine is a submarine with the speed, range, and endurance to operate as part of a navy’s battle fleet. Examples of fleet submarines are the British First World War era K class and the American World War II era Gato class.The term has survived in Britain to refer to modern nuclear-powered attack submarines. In the United States Navy, the term came to be used primarily for the long-range submarines that served in World War II.
Attack submarine
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants and merchant vessels. In the Soviet and Russian navies they were and are called “multi-purpose submarines”. They are also used to protect friendly surface combatants and missile submarines. Some attack subs are also armed with cruise missiles, increasing the scope of their potential missions to include land targets.
Best way to tackle this is to add WW2 submarines to each playable nation as some sort of beta test of the submarine vehicle as a platform, with as minimal technology as possible (still true to submarine warfare tho).
Possible submarines that can be added for start:
| Country | Name | Speed | Depth | Crew | Armament | Sensors and processing systems |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surfaced | Submerged | Torpedo tubes and ammo | Primary armament and ammo | Secondary armament and ammo | ||||||||
| USA | Mackerel-class | 16 knots 30 km/h |
11 knots 20 km/h |
76 (90) m | 38 | 4 Forward 2 Aft |
12 × torpedoes | 1 × 3-inch (76 mm)/50 caliber deck gun | WBA, JK sonars | |||
| Germany | Type VIIB | 17.9 knots 33.2 km/h 20.6 mph |
8 knots 15 km/h 9.2 mph |
100 (230) m | 60 | 4 Forward 1 Aft |
14 × torpedoes or 26 × TMA or 39 × TMB mines |
1 × 8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun | 220 rounds | 1 × 2 cm (0.79 in) | 4,380 rounds | GHG hydrophone |
| USSR | Shchuka-class | 12.5 knots 23.2 km/h 14.4 mph |
6.3 knots 11.7 km/h 7.2 mph |
75 (91) m | 38 | 4 Forward 2 Aft |
10 × torpedoes | 45 mm (1.8 in) semi-automatic guns | Merkuriy or Mars-A or Mars-DM or Mars-ShM hydrophone | |||
| Great Britain | S-class (3rd group) |
14.75 knots 27.32 km/h 16.97 mph |
8 knots 15 km/h |
95 (110) m | 48 | 6 Forward 1 Aft |
13 × Mark VIII torpedoes | 1 × 3-inch (76 mm) gun (QF 4-inch gun on later boats) |
1 × 20 mm cannon 3 × .303-calibre machine gun |
1942 - 1944: type 291W radar, type 129, type 138 sonars 1944 - 1945: type 267QW radar, type 129, type 138 sonars |
||
| Japan | I-121-class (Kirai-Sen) |
14.9 knots 27.6 km/h |
6.5 knots 12.0 km/h |
75 | 51-70 | 4 Forward 0 Aft |
12 × 6th Year Type torpedoes 42 × mines |
1 × 14 cm/40 11th Year Type naval gun | No info | |||
| Italy | Sirena-class | 14 knots 26 km/h 16 mph |
7.5 knots 13.9 km/h 8.6 mph |
80 | 45 | 4 Forward 2 Aft |
12 × torpedoes | 1 × single 100 mm (3.9 in) deck gun | 2–4 × single 13.2 mm (0.52 in) machine guns | hydrophone | ||
| France | Minerve-class | 14.2 knots 26.3 km/h 16.3 mph |
9 knots 17 km/h 10 mph |
80 | 42 | 4 Forward 2 Aft 3 External |
12 × 550 TT torpedoes 3 × 400 TT torpedoes |
1 × 75 mm (3 in)/35 Model 1928 deck gun | 150 | 2 × 13.2 mm (0.52 in) AA machine guns | hydrophone |
This list is open for discussion. I tried to find exactly equal submarines for listed nations but it’s difficult as they vary in multiple BR-defining aspects.
Interesting links and/or sources:
Spoiler
Mackerel-class:
https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/mackerel-i.html
https://uboat.net/allies/warships/class.html?ID=148
Mackerel-class submarine - Wikipedia
MACKEREL submarine (1941), MARLIN submarine (1941)
https://www.navsource.org/archives/08/08205.htm
JK sonar: Submarine Sonar Operator's Manual - Chapter 5
Type VIIB:
Type-VII U-Boats (generic) - naval encyclopedia
German Type VII U-Boat - history, specification and photos
"VIIB" type seagoing submarines (U45) (1938 - 1941)
GHG Hydrophone: German U-Boat Hydrophones - GHG, KDB
Shchuka-class:
Shchuka-class submarine - Wikipedia
"Series III" submarines (SHCHUKA) (1933)
S-class(3rd group):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_S-class_submarine_(1931)
S class Submarines - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net
"S war emergency, 1940 and 1941 programs" submarines (P222) (34, 1942 - 1945)
I-121-class (Kirai-Sen):
I-121-class submarine - Wikipedia
"Kirai-Sen" submarine minelayers (I21) (1927 - 1928)
Sirena-class:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirena-class_submarine
SIRENA medium submarines (1933 - 1934)
Minerve-class:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerve-class_submarine
MINERVE 2nd class submarines (1936 - 1939)
WW1 submarines:
https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/wwi/wwi-submarines.html
Full list of Submarines used in ww2: List of submarines of World War II - Wikipedia
Uboat types:
U-boat Types - German U-boats of WWII - Kriegsmarine - uboat.net
Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy:
WW2 submarines with photos:
https://naval-encyclopedia.com/ww2/us/american-submarines.php
https://naval-encyclopedia.com/ww2/uk/british-submarines.php
https://naval-encyclopedia.com/ww2/france/french-submarines-of-ww2.php
https://naval-encyclopedia.com/ww2/japan/submarines.php
https://naval-encyclopedia.com/ww2/italy/italian-submarines.php
Nomenclature of all WW2 German Submarine Types
Modifications
Possible modifications for submarines.
- Seakeeping
- Dry-docking
- Rudder Replacement***
- Propeller Replacement***
- Engine Maintenance***
- Unsinkability
- Damage Control Division
- Fire Division
- Shrapnel Protection**
- New Pumps
- Faster unwatering time
- Faster diving/surfacing
- Ventilation
- Longer time submerged
- Ammo wetting**
- Firepower
- Primary Armament Targeting
- Auxiliary Armament Targeting*
- Anti-Air Armament Targeting*
- New ammo types for Primary Armament
- New ammo types for Secondary Armament*
- New ammo types for Anti-Air Armament*
- Improved Rangefinder
- Faster calculations of firing solution
- New Torpedo types
- Mines
- Decoys
- Sonar decoy
*If available on ship
**Realistic?
***Might as well lower detectability (sound generation)
Crew
Same as on ships, however, there is the possibility to add new skills:
Ships might also benefit from below crew skills
- Torpedo reload speed
- Sensors operator skill (better reading of radar, sonar and hydrophone)
Emblems and decals
Similiar to tanks and airplanes, crew had much more freedom in creativity of decals and paint jobs during WW2 than in modern times. Below are some pictures of decals and “camouflages” from WW2 era.
Links with emblems:
Spoiler
https://uboat.net/special/emblems/listing_boats.html
The Most Popular Emblems - German U-boat Emblems of WWII - Kriegsmarine - uboat.net
http://navsource.org/archives/08/312/0831810.jpg
https://ww2db.com/images/56232b0ad6a07.jpg
Camouflages: https://www.navsource.org/archives/08/08492.htm
http://navsource.org/archives/08/pdf/0849201.pdf
HMS E18 after passing through the Oresund in September 1915. https://www.warhistoryonline.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/64/2017/07/hms_e18.jpg
https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/wwi/wwi-submarines/_jcr_content/textheader.img.jpg/1692883545887.jpg
Gameplay
Controls
Same controls as previous submarine events.
https://wiki.warthunder.com/images/d/d6/Battle_of_the_Atlantic_Controls.jpg
https://wiki.warthunder.com/Silent_Thunder#/media/File:Events_SilentThunderControls2.png
Aiming
There seems to be multiple periscope reticles from different sources, some even from the same country. This can be caused by two different periscopes installed on submarines - attack and observation and different crew needs through years. I created a reticle that is using the same MIL marks as the bino view in ship but added it into standard periscope monocular view.
Then, different types of torpedos will use UI elements:
(From left to right)
- “Dumb” Torpedo
- Acoustic-seeking torpedo (same as IR Missiles)
- Active homing torpedo
If “dumb” torpedo is loaded, green area will follow reticle.
Acoustic-seeking torpedo view is not realistic but I believe it’s necessary to add this UI element for players to better understand what is going on.
Interesting links and/or sources:
Spoiler
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8u2jAQ-tZQ
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/27/92/7b/27927b3b009704d2a8e53805f6ac8c29.jpg
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/5c/53/df/5c53df206460eda1225fd2304759a4a8.png
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/2d/75/16/2d7516a1cc04e35116f5e96d29e850ce.jpg
https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fi.redd.it%2F753pevpaoom21.jpg
https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fexternal-preview.redd.it%2Fmh9KDfB7hV75UTsEOGtAo5iqPZtVotTgWX1zfQCgRLo.jpg%3Fwidth%3D1080%26crop%3Dsmart%26auto%3Dwebp%26s%3D74e25a3f87137c003f4aaf6c60202fe1a3730fd0
https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpreview.redd.it%2Fapproaching-asw-plane-breguet-br-1150-atlantic-seen-through-v0-ifhbip913w8c1.jpeg%3Fauto%3Dwebp%26s%3D0414347794a01e2cad55e5b68eeff29b0eef11b4
https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpreview.redd.it%2Fperiscope-photo-of-the-propeller-of-a-soviet-vessel-taken-v0-0mmro1bjsk4b1.png%3Fauto%3Dwebp%26s%3D9d022e5dd06cdd37fb7c3daeb83f60ddc0db70a4
https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpreview.redd.it%2Fr4ns7l07mlg81.jpg%3Fauto%3Dwebp%26s%3D79d139c99d2b3ba91e6c0eda74d34496b0e67f59
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/blqu8t/periscope_view_from_u31/
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/144z4lk/periscope_photo_of_a_soviet_navys_project_1833/
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/15ojww9/iowaclass_battleship_uss_new_jersey_bb62_seen/
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/vvrcps/uss_america_cv66_with_an_f14_about_to_land_seen/
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/11ittgr/as_seen_through_the_periscope_of_the_los/
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/if2ooj/periscope_picture_of_a_russian_kilo_class_ssk/
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/14zbgfo/royal_danish_navys_iver_huitfeldclass_frigate/
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/gacar9/aircraft_carrier_uss_enterprise_cvn65_seen/
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/iwewbk/royal_navys_type_23_frigate_hms_richmond_f239/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0a043PywF4
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/kuln0i/fridtjof_nansen_class_frigate_knm_otto_sverdrup/
https://www.reddit.com/r/submarines/comments/g41xez/operation_dominic_frigate_bird_shot_the_only_us/
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/27/92/7b/27927b3b009704d2a8e53805f6ac8c29.jpg
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/5c/53/df/5c53df206460eda1225fd2304759a4a8.png
https://maritime.org/doc/fleetsub/pscope/chap4g.php (Page 252)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8u2jAQ-tZQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0a043PywF4
Reloading and loading the torpedoes
Weaponry selector like airplanes, since there will be more torpedo types and player should be able to choose which one will be fired.
Possible system for selecting and reloading tubes.
Torpedo calculations
Aiming in submarines was always a difficult process. It equals hitting a moving target 5km away with an unguided rocket.
Players should have an option to eyeball it or leave it for TDC (Torpedo Data Computer) to do calculations and show lead. TDC will be more advanced on modern submarines, similar to range finder in tank battles. This can be affected by crew skill Primary Armament Targeting.
- Early submarines
Slow targeting, certain amount of error. Equivalent of crew rangefinding on tanks.
- WW2 and post war submarines
Normal targeting, small amount of error. Equivalent of rangefinding in a tank with rangefinder mod.
- Modern submarines
Fast, minimal or no error. Equivalent to laser rangefinder.
Similar to tanks and ships, players should be able to eyeball their target, at least the stationary ones and should be able to fire even without targeting solutions.
They will be able to tell the distance of the ship by measuring it against vertical ticks on periscope, and comparing it with the known size of a ship. In a similar way they can tell the speed of a ship.
Interesting links and/or sources:
Spoiler
https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fi.redd.it%2Fp4oosz7d38731.jpg
https://maritime.org/doc/tdc/pg255.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_Data_Computer
Calculating distance with reticle:
https://ussnautilus.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/LessonPlanUpPeriscope.pdf
New features and weaponry
Sensors and processing systems
Hydrophone
A hydrophone is a microphone designed to be used underwater for recording or listening to underwater sound. It is designed to match the acoustic impedance of water, a denser fluid than air. Sound travels 4.3 times faster in water than in air, and a sound wave in water exerts a pressure 60 times that exerted by a wave of the same amplitude in air. From late in World War I until the introduction of active sonar in the early 1920s, hydrophones were the sole method for submarines to detect targets while submerged; they remain useful today.
The hydrophone operator was listening to amplified sound from outside. By turning the microphone he was able to tell at what bearing (angle) is it coming from. Also by increasing or decreasing intensity, he was able to tell if the target was closing in or moving away.
Vibrations in the hull or engine made recognition of targets complicated. For best reading, the ship needed to stay stationary. Since hydrophone was mounted on top of some submarines, these needed to be fully submerged to get accurate reading. Rest was up to the operator and his skill of recognition of sounds.
There are couple of ways how to implement hydrophone in game:
- Free view - When submerged, the player will be getting hydrophone inputs into his speakers/headphones. This will be similar to detecting engine sounds in tank battles. This would break the fourth wall and add player engagement. However, it introduces problems with vessels that are non-submersible and have access to hydrophone.
- Torpedo-like - This is similar to the free view option above except the player will be able to trigger a HUD element similar to torpedo aim.Then he will be able to “aim” hydrophone and listen. This would work for submersible and non-submersible vessels.
- Automatic - Hydrophone operator (crew) will automatically report contacts. This will be shown to the player on HUD or minimap.
Interesting links and/or sources:
https://uboat.net/articles/id/52
German U-Boat Hydrophones - GHG, KDB
Sonar
- Active
An active sonar system is one in which pulses of acoustic energy are launched into the water for the purpose of producing echoes. By examining the echoes of transmitted pulses, it affords the capability of both detecting the presence of and estimating the range, and in certain cases, the bearing, of an underwater target.
- Passive
Passive sonar is a method for detecting acoustic signals in an underwater environment, usually the ocean. The difference between passive and active sonar is that a passive sonar system emits no signals; instead, its purpose is to detect the acoustic signals emanating from external sources.
However, sonar is not a magical thing that will locate subs at any time. This should be reflected with the Thermocline Barrier. Submarines under a certain depth, about 150m based on sources below, should have lower detectability. Reaching this depth will be slow and difficult and therefore won’t be a magic trick to disappear from sonar.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline
https://maritime.org/doc/sonar/chap1.php
Interesting links and/or sources:
Type 144 Sonar - http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/T/y/Type_144_sonar.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/SQS-26
List of British Asdic systems - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_Asdic_systems
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_271_radar
List of sonars- http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/S/o/Sonar.htm
A Brief History of Active Sonar - https://csi.whoi.edu/sites/default/files/literature/Full%20Text/index.pdf
ASDIC - http://rnsubs.co.uk/articles/development/sonar.html
The P59 had the distinction of being the first warship to be fitted with an inboard asdic in 1919 and about the same time as the whaler trials it was achieving detection ranges of 1100 yards.
https://maritime.org/doc/sonar/index.php
https://maritime.org/doc/fleetsub/sonar/index.php
https://maritime.org/doc/fleetsub/sonar/chap9.php#9A
https://www.reddit.com/r/Warthunder/comments/16n6obx/rwr_contacts_cheat_sheet/
Radar
This won’t be any different than the Air Radar we currently have in game.
Germany - http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_Radar.php
Japan - http://www.combinedfleet.com/radar.htm
Russia/USSR - http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_Radar_WWII.php
UK/Britain - http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNBR_Radar.php
USA - http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_Radar_WWII.php
List of radars - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radars
Range of above systems has to be adjusted based on map sizes, as real capabilities often exceed the size of non-EC maps.
Interesting links and/or sources:
Spoiler
http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_Radar.php
http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/R/a/Radar.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_display
https://www.radartutorial.eu/12.scopes/sc09.en.html
https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/RADTHREE/RADTHREE-1.html
https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/Radar/Radar-15.html
Weaponry
Standard Torpedoes
Standard torpedoes that are already in game with possibility to add new.
Germany (WW2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_torpedoes_of_Germany
US
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Torpedoes_of_the_United_States
http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_WWII.php
UK
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Torpedoes_of_the_United_Kingdom
http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTBR_Main.php
USSR
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Torpedoes_of_the_Soviet_Union
http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTRussian_Main.php
Japan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Torpedoes_of_Japan
http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTJAP_Main.php
http://www.combinedfleet.com/torps.htm
Italy
https://regiamarina.net/torpedoes/
France
http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTFR_Main.php
Decoys
The German navy developed decoys for submarines that simulated the sound of a submarine propeller.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar_decoy
http://uboataces.com/sonar-decoys.shtml
Same goes for British navy that developed decoys against anti-acoustic homing torpedoes.
Anti-acoustic homing decoys used by British ships:
Foxer (anti-acoustic homing) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxer
Later Fanfare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanfare_(decoy)
Even later Nixie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/SLQ-25_Nixie
Decoys remain relevant in modern day combat.
Smart torpedoes
Smart torpedoes is not the official name of these but I’m using it to distinguish between torpedoes that can go straight and torpedoes that can change course based on their own inputs. These inputs are mostly from its own hydrophone. Torpedo like this can track sound sources in water which are most of the time propellers of ships. However, similar to IR and Radar missiles, it doesn’t care about the team color of its target. This is an opening window for soft balance, if friendly-fire is enabled for submarines.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_24_mine
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_27_torpedo
- The FAT ( Flächen-Absuch-Torpedo or Federapparat-Torpedo ) and LUT ( LageUnabhängiger Torpedo) was an electric torpedo which ran straight out to a preset distance, then traveled in either a circular or ladder-like pattern through the convoy lanes.
Another type of smart torpedo, or rather warhead, are magnetic pistols. It was quite common that if a torpedo hit its target at a very sharp angle, it bounced and the detonator did not trigger. This was solved by a magnetic detonator that did not rely on an impact/trigger mechanism but rather a magnetic trigger which was able to detect the ship’s hull under all angles. This was often used on mines.
Interesting links and/or sources:
Spoiler
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_torpedo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_pistol
http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/index_weapons.php#ASW_Weapons_and_Mines
Anti Submarine Warfare
- Evasive maneuvers
- Detecting submarines
- Surface Search Radar
- Active Sonar (ASDIC)
- Passive Sonar & Hydrophone
- Decoys (for acoustic torpedoes)
- Depth bombs
- Anti torpedo net
- Ship construction solutions
- Torpedo belt
- Anti-torpedo bulge
Interesting links and/or sources:
Spoiler
ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE IN WORLD WAR II - https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/rep/ASW-51/
http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/index_weapons.php#ASW_Weapons_and_Mines
Interesting links
Spoiler
A VISUAL GUIDE TO THE U.S. FLEET SUBMARINES
PART ONE: GATO CLASS
https://www.navsource.org/archives/08/pdf/0829294.pdf
A VISUAL GUIDE TO THE S-CLASS SUBMARINES
https://www.navsource.org/archives/08/pdf/0829290.pdf
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YYZOQrL1iTmXf0-3WJlZ_jYx9faekb3P/view - Introduction to radar systems by Merrill I. Skolnik
https://www.navypedia.org/ships_index.htm - Encyclopedia of ships including submarines
http://www.navweaps.com/ - Naval weapons, including radars and electronics
http://www.uboataces.com/ - Encyclopedia of German submarines from ww2
https://maritime.org/doc/ - Navy manuals and documents
http://navsource.org/ - Photographic history of US navy
https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/ship/weaps/index.html - US Navy Shipboard Combat Systems
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_successful_American_submarines_in_World_War_II - List of most successful American submarines in World War II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_successful_German_U-boats - List of most successful German U-boats
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_submarines_in_the_Pacific_War - Allied submarines in the Pacific War
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Oh yes very good
Very good! what criteria where you going off when choosing starter submarines?
I hope gaijin takes note of everything we talk about here
I doubt they’d completely ignore it lol.
If I rememebr correctly I started with Type VIIB and tried to find closest match for each nation but its not perfect. Someone with more knowledge and time could probably find better.