Hr.Ms. De Ruyter (1936)

infromation about the ship
The ship was 170.92 metres long, 15.7 metres wide and had a draught of 5 metres. The displacement was 6,442 tonnes standard and 7,822 fully loaded. The ship’s engines delivered 66,000 hp, which allowed a speed of 32 knots. The ship was manned by 437 men.
The main armament of the De Ruyter consisted of the remarkable number of seven 150 mm guns, mounted in three double turrets and one single turret. The original design included six guns (three double turrets). After it was realised that the ship had to accommodate a squadron commander and his staff, the design was slightly enlarged. This created space for one extra gun. The extra gun was placed in B-position, on the forecastle, aft and slightly higher than the forward double turret. They did not want to spend a little more money to make room for a double turret. If the guns of the forward twin turret were raised, so that all three guns on the foreship were clearly visible, the ship resembled from a distance the German armoured ships of the Deutschland class, which carried a triple turret on the foreship.
The design of the De Ruyter was in turn a blueprint for that of the Eendracht class cruisers, which were much larger and would carry ten guns of 150 mm (2×3 and 2×2).
The secondary armament was relatively light and consisted of ten guns (or machine guns) of 40 mm in five twin positions. However, the positioning was well chosen on the aft ship: all guns had an optimal field of fire and the fire control was particularly good.
Partly with a view to long patrols in the vast Indian waters, the cruiser could take two aircraft on board. Oddly enough, Doorman decided not to take any aircraft on the eve of the Battle of the Java Sea.
The design of the De Ruyter had some good points. However, the ship was relatively lightly armed and lightly armored for its size. If a little more money had been spent, the ship would have been much better equipped.
Service history
On 12 January 1937, the ship left for the Dutch East Indies, where it arrived in Tandjong Priok on 5 March of that year.
On 26 September 1939, an aircraft from the ship crashed on the north coast of the island of Bangka during a mail flight for the squadron. Pilot officer H.J. Stoutjesdijk lost his life.[3]
On 12 April 1940, the De Ruyter, the Java and a number of submarines left Surabaya for tactical exercises on the Java Sea. This happened after a high state of readiness had been announced. On 20 May of that year, the ship exercised with the Java again. This time, it concerned fire control and artillery exercises.[4] In May 1941, the De Ruyter escorted the passenger ship the Oranje to Singapore.
On 4 February 1942, the ship was slightly damaged during a Japanese attack on the ABDA fleet, consisting of British, American, Australian and Dutch units.
Battle of the Java Sea
On 27 February 1942, the ship sailed for the Battle of the Java Sea as flagship of Rear Admiral Karel Doorman, who was in command of an international squadron. The mission was to prevent Japanese convoys with invasion troops for Java from reaching Java. However, the convoys were not found. The squadron then clashed with another Japanese squadron, during which the Dutch cruisers Java and De Ruyter were torpedoed. Doorman chose to go down with his ship. A total of 345 crew members of the De Ruyter were killed.