???
“The detected signal may be negative (a non-radiating target seen against a bright background) or positive (a radiating or reflecting target seen against a dark background). Preferably, The seeker will initially operate in the visual contrast mode until an adequate IR signal is available to home the missile. If a sufficiently IR radiating target is present, the seeker may select and receive in the IR mode.”
in what way? When all four quadrant sectors of the detector are receiving equal energy it is pointed at the source.
Small FoV, and if long time coefficients are introduced into the mapping the impact of flares can be reduced, especially if additional segmentation passes are performed to spatially disambiguate contacts.
That why it’s got a proximity fuse, also terminal “diving” maneuvers are not unheard of either, just look at the Redeye.
They do, they just become less effective.
And they are a tiny target to hit a such a distance, don’t forget that Lasers still obey the Inverse-Square law so are significantly effected by distance.
It’s really not. Engineers tend to know what they are doing.
A lot of the processing is done in software so it was probably caused by an improperly configured threat library, and probably not having non simulated data for whatever formulation that was used, or a bug somewhere. It’s not likely to happen again.