How much penetration do sabots deal?

Machinery of War Discussion Ground Vehicle
1

So in the game we have three generations of APDS rounds, and the APFSDS.
Only the last gen APDS has actual discarding sabot (while 1st and 2nd gen pretty much act like APCR with better specs), so does any APFSDS, regardless of how outdated it is.

I figured out that last gen (FV4030’s) APDS launches really slow sabot, which direct-fire ends up at 100m, slightly upper - 250m, indirect fire - 350m. It cannot even penetrate side of ZSU-23-4, at flat angle.
I also tried shooting Soviet 100mm (T-55AM1’s) APFSDS at Leopard 2A4 engine grid, but resulted with no pen, though I think you could penetrate it even with 7.62 FMJ?
Anyways, the last was shooting Challie 2’s APFSDS’ sabot at ZSU-23-4, and I resulted in hitting a one-shot kill.

Now I wonder about the potential of APDS and APFSDS sabots and how their penetration is calculated, if it depends on the muzzle velocity or it doesn’t, the caliber, etc. Could you even kill anything with APDS sabot? I mean, crew sure, but an actual armored vehicle, what about it?

2

Nobody has done any research to this before?

3

War thunder uses two different types of calculations depending on the type of amunition. you can read more here: Calculation of Armour Penetration | War Thunder Wiki

4

it’s not about projectiles, it’s about sabots that surround them that discard during the flight. I just wonder how thick should the target’s armor be penetrate it with lastgen APDS and with APFSDS sabots.