- Tech Tree Ship
- Premium Ship
- Squadron Vehicle
- Event Vehicle
- I don’t think it should be added to the game
- Tech Tree Ship
- Premium Ship
- Squadron Vehicle
- Event Vehicle
- I don’t think it should be added to the game
- Tech Tree Ship
- Premium Ship
- Squadron Vehicle
- Event Vehicle
- I don’t think it should be added to the game
ALBATROS
L’ Albatros was one of six Aigle-class destroyers.
Introduction
I present here the Albatros, my favorite French destroyer.
It will be an exciting addition to the French tree in all its three configurations.
Most of the information here is sourced from French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956 by John Jordan and The 2400-Tonners of the French Navy by Jean Guiglini and Kenneth R. Macpherson; both of which I highly recommend.
The history of the Albatros is in the comment section of this post.
From the bibliography and editor’s notes of the books I used, there might be some original documents and files on the Albatros in archives.
In my opinion, the Albatros will break the monotony created by the Aigle-class and Vauquelin-class having the same armament, and the Guepard-class and Le Fantasque-class having a similar main armament. This can be achieved by having the 1948 Albatros T 06 and 1954 Albatros D 614 between these ships .
Albatros introduces new weapon systems to the tree:
- The 105 SKC/33 Dop. L. C/37 which will later be featured on the CLs Châteaurenault and Guichen.
- The 100/55 Mle 1945 which will later be featured on the BB Jean Bart.
- The Canon 40 Mle 1951 will be making its first appearance in the French TT.
Albatros also carries some armaments that might be rare to find on the French BlueWater TT:
- The Canadian Boffin which wasn’t featured on that many French ships.
Albatros X73 (1942)
5*1 |
138.6/40 cannons Model 1927 |
1*2 |
37mm Mle 1933 |
2*1 |
37mm Mle 1925 |
2*2 |
13.2mm machine guns |
2*1 |
13.2mm French Browning |
2*3 |
550m torpedo tubes |
Speed: |
40.44 knots |
I believe it will be a good representative for the Aigle class on the tree.
Of the Aigle class, 3 of the 6 ships have been implemented.
- Of Series C (1927): Aigle, Vautour
- Of Series D (1927 Special): Milan
It would be nice to see Albatros, Gerfaut, and Epervier get added.
Cons
- Same weaknesses as the other Aigle class.
Other
- It has the French water-cooled Browning that had a faster fire rate than the Hotchkiss.
- It is a historic vessel that took part in the Battle of Casablanca.
Albatros T 06 (1948)
3*1 |
138.6/40 Mle 1927 guns (nos.1, 2, and 5) |
1*2 |
105mm C/33 Dop. L. C/37 |
2*1 |
Shielded 75mm Mle 1924 HA |
1*2 |
US-style 40mm Bofors Mk 1 (Starboard) |
1*1 |
Canadian Boffin 40mm Bofors Mk 1 (Port) |
2*1 |
20mm Mk 7 Oerlikon guns |
1*3 |
550m torpedo tubes |
Speed: |
27.8 knots |
Pros
- The twin 105mm have a higher fire rate and come with AP, HE, and HE-TF.
- The twin 105mm turret has some armor, trains faster than the 138mm guns, and can rotate 360o.
- Two 75mm guns offer medium-range AA. Otherwise, they can be grouped with the 105s to increase the DPM slightly given that they have a cruiser-type plot and director .
- It has improved AA as compared to its 1942 configuration.
- It has improved systems.
Cons
- It has a relatively slow speed of about 27kn.
- It only carries 3 torpedoes.
Other
- It is unique.
- It changes the playstyle a bit.
Albatros D 614 (1954)
3*1 |
138.6/40 Mle 1927 guns (nos.1, 2, and 5) |
1*2 |
100mm Mle 1945 |
2*1 |
Shielded 75mm Mle 1924 HA |
1*2 |
US-style 40mm Bofors Mk 1 (Starboard) |
1*1 |
Canon 40mm de Mle 51 hydraulic (Port) |
4*1 |
20mm Mk 7 Oerlikon guns |
1*3 |
550m torpedo tubes |
Speed: |
27.8 knots |
Pros
- The twin 100mm guns have a high fire rate of up to 25 rounds a minute.
- The 100mm turret probably trains faster than the 138mm guns and can rotate 360o.
- The 75mm guns offer medium-range AA. Otherwise, they can be used to improve the DPM slightly. The 100/55’s 855mps does match the muzzle velocity of the 75/50 at 850mps. I imagine this will make landing shots easier when they are grouped as secondary armament.
- The 40mm mle 51 has a better aiming system and might train faster than the Boffin.
- It has two extra Oerlikons.
- It has better radar and rangefinders than its 1948 configuration.
Cons
- The twin 100mm guns only fire HE and HE-TF.
- Unfortunately, the French radar employed isn't the most promising if I am reading [Military Wiki](https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/French_battleship_Jean_Bart_(1940)) right.
- It has a relatively slow speed of about 27kn.
- It only carries 3 torpedoes.
Other
- It is unique.
- The 100mm gun has a lower velocity than the Japanese 100mm.
Aigle Class Destroyers
The 1927 naval estimates featured another ‘treaty’ cruiser (Foch), six contre-torpilleurs, five fleet submarines of the 1500-tonnes type, and the minelaying submarine Rubis.
The ships of the 1927 estimates reverted to earlier practice in being named after predators, in this case, birds of prey: Aigle (‘Eagle’), Vautour (‘Vulture’), Albatros, Gerfaut (‘Gerfalcon’), Epervier (‘Sparrow hawk’) and Milan (‘Kite’).
The contre-torpilleur, which made up the backbone of the flotillas in 1939, was often referred to as the “four-pipers” (‘les quatre-tuyaux’)
French destroyers were designed for cannon and torpedo attacks on Italian lines of communication.
Though they also had anti-submarine weapons in limited numbers but without dedicated sensors.
These shortcomings proved problematic when in the rapid and brutal raids in the Mediterranean, the Aigles and their colleagues found themselves having to escort ships in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.
Aigle Class General Characteristics
Displacement: |
2441 tons standard; 2660 tonnes normal; 3140 tonnes full load. |
Dimensions: |
Length 122.4m perpendiculars, 128.5m overall; beam 11.8m; draught 4.4m |
Machinery: |
Four Du Temple small-tube boilers, 20kg/cm 2 (215°) |
Two-shaft geared steam turbines 64,000CV for 36kts (designed) |
|
Oil fuel: |
540 tonnes; radius 3650nm at 18kts, 765nm at 39kts |
Complement: |
10 officers + 198 men peacetime |
Hull and General Configuration
The weight-saving efforts in the Aigle-class’ design and construction succeeded.
The design for the Aigle class was drawn up under the supervision of Ingénieur général Antoine, head of the ‘small ships’ section (Section des petits bâtiments) of the STCN.
All of the previous types of destroyer had emerged from the shipyards slightly overweight. Weight saving was therefore an important consideration when the design for the Aigles was drawn up. There was a small but significant use of electric welding for the non-strength elements of the hull and superstructures, and this resulted in moderate savings of 50–60 tonnes. The designed meta-centric height (GM) was 0.80m vs. 0.68m in the Guépard class.
The hull form was also slightly modified. There was a reduction of 0.70 metres in the length between perpendiculars and 1.70 metres in length overall. The Aigle-class had a slightly deeper hull (+0.11m) with less freeboard than the Guépard: the height of the forecastle at deep load was 6.67 metres (vs. 7.09m), and the main deck was 3.8 metres (vs. 4.20m) above the waterline.
The construction methods employed for the hull were unchanged except for the limited employment of welding. The transverse frames had a standard spacing of 2.1 metres, but an additional watertight bulkhead was inserted close to the stern; the twelve main transverse bulkheads extended from the ship’s bottom to the upper deck and divided the hull into thirteen watertight compartments designated A–M. There were pumps rated at 100t/h in sections B–E and J–L, and these were doubled up in the main machinery spaces (F–I); the two narrow-end compartments (A, M) had smaller pumps rated at 30t/h.
The rudder was of similar design, but there were minor differences in the surface area for each of the ships: in Aigle it was 15.52m2, in Albatros and Gerfaut 14.3m2.
The ships manoeuvred well, although the turning circle remained excessive for a ‘small ship’ – a function of the comparatively high length-to-beam ratio and an underpowered rudder servo-motor.
The Sperry gyro-compass Sperry gyro-compass was the improved Mk VIII; Six magnetic compasses were also fitted.
All four ships were initially fitted with a CET 31 ultrasonic depth sounder.
Machinery
The machinery of the Aigle class was considered to be a major improvement on that of their predecessors: more robust, reliable, and economical, and with much greater flexibility of operation.
Aigle , Vautour and Albatros had Parsons Reaction turbines; Gerfaut, built by A C Bretagne, had Rateau-Bretagne impulse turbines.
The Parsons turbines of the Albatros comprised a single high-pressure (HP) and a low-pressure (LP) turbine working in series, with a separate cruise turbine clutched to the shaft of the HP turbine; the reversing turbine was on the shaft for the LP turbine and housed within the same casing. The HP turbine was rated at 14,000CV and the LP turbine at 18,000CV; the astern turbine was rated at 4000CV.
When going ahead, steam was admitted to the cruise turbine up to approximately one-tenth of maximum power (3200CV), then to the HP turbine and finally to the LP turbine.
The ship could steam at up to 18 knots on cruise turbines alone; the turbine could be declutched at low speeds, but it could be clutched to the shaft only when the ship was at rest.
During the 8-hour Maximum Normal Power (PMN) trial, which was undertaken at normal displacement, Albatros sustained speeds in excess of 37 knots.
Peacetime fuel bunkerage was 360 tonnes, a figure which rose to 540 tonnes (usable) at deep load. The provision of reserve feed water for the boilers was 128 tonnes, carried in side and bottom tanks. There was the customary 12 tonnes of fresh water for sanitation, plus 4 tonnes of drinking water for the crew in 500-litre tanks fore and aft.
Following trials, endurance was calculated at 4700nm at 15 knots and 3600nm at 18 knots on cruise turbines alone with two boilers lit. Much less would be achieved in wartime.
Albatros could cover 709 nautical miles at 39.153 knots.
The auxiliary boiler, which again was located to the starboard of boiler no.3, had slightly greater capacity; the heated surface area was 59m2 (vs. 52m2 for the model fitted in the Guépards).
The two turbo-generators, each rated at 80kW (106kW max.), were distributed between the forward and after engine rooms, as in the Guépard class. The two 22kW (26.5kW max.)
Bettus-Loire emergency generators were identical to those fitted in the earlier ships, and were located in the centre deckhouse.
Fire Director
There was a provision in the design for full director control with remote power control (RPC). In the event there was only director control for training; director control for elevation and RPC for training had to be abandoned.
Albatros was fitted on completion with a single SOM 3-metre coincidence rangefinder Mle B.1926 allied to the standard Mle 1923B electromechanical computer. With the FC computer Mle 1923B, only the angle of train (circulaire) is transmitted directly.
The angle of train was transmitted to the mounting via a Granat GD III receiver and the trainer, who was seated on the left of the mounting, aligned the pointers.
The two 75cm BBT searchlight projectors were fitted fore and aft with the after searchlight installed atop its own short tower abaft the mainmast; the control positions were fitted in the bridge wings.
Communications
The main wireless telegraphy office, the PC Radio, was at the after end of the bridge block, and the secondary wireless telegraphy office was located in the after deckhouse.
Boats
The boat outfit was disposed on athwartships rails between the first two funnels and on davits abreast the after deckhouse. It had the motor boat and motor launch onboard of the two 5-metre dinghies. The relative positions of the two boats on davits were also reversed: the 7-metre whaler was to port and the 7-metre pulling cutter to starboard.
Complement
Upon completion, accommodation is designed for 3 senior officers (Flight Commander and Commanding Officer, Second in Command, Chief of Staff), 7 junior officers, 2 first petty officers, 8 petty officers, 24 second petty officers, 163 quartermasters and ratings and 3 duty officers.
The regulation peacetime complement comprised 10 officers and 198 men.
Albatros Armament as Designed
5*1 |
138.6/40 Mle 1927 guns (100rpg + 85 star shells) |
1*1 |
75mm/50 Mle 1925 HA (100 rounds) |
2*1 |
37mm fully automatic AA |
4*2 |
8mm Hotchkiss MG Mle 1914 |
2*3 |
550m torpedo tubes |
4 |
100/250mm depth charge throwers Mle 1928 |
75mm/50 Mle 1925 HA
The Aigle class was originally intended to be armed with a single 75mm HA gun. Like the 75mm 50-calibre Mle 1924 fitted in the Jaguar’s and the Bourrasque’s.
37mm AA
It was intended to be armed with two 37mm single mountings of a new fully-automatic type with 2000 combat rounds plus 400 exercise rounds. The gun failed to materialize.
8mm Hotchkiss MG Mle 1914
The customary 8mm Hotchkiss MG Mle 1914, was to be mounted on pedestals on the forecastle. These guns were probably never embarked.
Albatros as of 1932
Armament
5*1 |
138.6/40 cannons Model 1927 |
1*1 |
75mm/35 Mle 1925 |
4*1 |
37mm Mle 1925 |
2*3 |
550m torpedo tubes |
138.6/40 Mle 1927
Gun Data |
|
---|---|
Construction: |
Monobloc auto-fretted barrel |
Weight of gun: |
4.8 tonnes |
Breech mechanism: |
Horizontal sliding block |
Ammunition type: |
Separate |
Projectiles: |
OPFA Mle 1924 (39.9kg) |
OEA Mle 1928 (40.2kg) |
|
OEcl Mle 1925 (30kg) |
|
Propellant: |
9kg BM7 in cartridge Mle 1910 |
Muzzle velocity: |
700m/s |
Range at 28°: |
16,600m |
Gun Mounting |
|
---|---|
Designation: |
Mle 1927 |
Protection: |
3mm |
Weight of mounting: |
13.0 tonnes |
Elevation: |
–10° / +28° |
Loading angle: |
any angle |
Firing cycle: |
8–12rpm |
Work on the 138.6mm/40 Mle 1927 gun began in 1926. Proving trials were successfully concluded in March 1927.
The most significant innovation was the German-style semi-automatic sliding breech, which was much faster in operation than the interrupted screw breech of earlier French destroyer guns. The theoretical firing cycle was up to 12 rounds per minute; twice that of the Mle 1923.
The new 138.6mm Mle 1927 gun performed exceptionally well in service. The sliding breech was a success, and the gun had the high rate of fire the Navy had long aspired to for its fast flotilla craft.
A further modification that has attracted less comment was the lowering of the trunnions from 1.34m to 1.25m, making the gun easier to load at low angles of elevation. In order to achieve this it was necessary to sacrifice range. The maximum elevation of the Mle 1927 was only 28 degrees (vs. 35 degrees), and the maximum range, using the same ammunition as the Mle 1923, was only 16,600m compared with 18,200m for the earlier gun.
The ammunition chutes outboard of the 138.6mm gun mountings for the shells emerged to the port of the guns and those for the cased charges to starboard.
The regulation peacetime ammunition provision was unchanged at 100 combat rounds per gun, for a total of 500 shells plus 85 star shells. The electric hoists were each capable of supplying a maximum of 20 rounds per minute for each pair of guns, 6 which meant that they were barely able to keep pace with the firing cycle. Albatros, therefore, depended even more heavily than previous classes on ready-use racks during the early stage of action.
There was sufficient ready-use stowage for just over two minutes of continuous fire (four minutes for no.3 gun), during which time the racks would need to be topped up from the magazine hoists.
75mm/35 Mle 1925
The 75mm gun would be fitted briefly in Albatros before being landed. Following trials on Albatros was disembarked in late 1932.
The location chosen for the single mounting was not ideal; arcs fore and aft were poor, and the isolation of the mounting from its magazine would have been a considerable handicap in action. In the end, it was probably decided that the dubious military benefits of the gun did not compensate for the additional topweight involved.
Gun Data | |
---|---|
Construction: |
Autofretted barrel |
Weight of gun: |
- tonnes |
Breech mechanism: |
Concentric ring |
Ammunition type: |
Fixed |
Projectiles: |
OEA Mle 1917 (6.18kg) |
Propellant: |
BM- ( - kg) |
Complete round | |
---|---|
Weight: |
- kg |
Dimensions: |
649.5mm x 86.8mm |
Muzzle velocity: |
570m/s |
Max. range: |
- m ( -°) |
Ceiling: |
- m ( -°) |
Mounting Data | |
---|---|
Designation: |
CAS Mle 1925 |
Weight of mounting: |
- tonnes |
Loading angle: |
n/a |
Elevation of guns: |
–10° / +70° |
Firing cycle (per gun): |
15rpm theoretical |
The 75mm HA gun was the older 35-calibre ‘Army’ model 1897–15 on a newly designed Mle 1925 mounting which could elevate to 70 degrees.
A total of 100 HE rounds and 40 exercise rounds were provided, stowed in ready-use racks close to the mounting and in the 37mm magazine aft.
37mm Mle 1925
Four single semi-automatic 37mm Mle 1925, mounted abeam the centre deckhouse.
Gun Characteristics | |
---|---|
Gun Weight: |
661 lbs. (300 kg) |
Gun Length: |
79.0 in (2.007 m) |
Bore Length: |
72.8 in (1.850 m) |
Rate of Fire: |
15 - 21 rounds per minute |
Ammunition | |
---|---|
Type: |
Fixed |
Weight of Complete Round: |
6.2 lbs. (2.8 kg)(2.007 m) |
Projectile Types and Weights: |
HE Model 1925: 1.6 lbs. (0.725 kg) |
Incendiary Model 1924: 1.6 lbs. (0.725 kg) |
|
Bursting Charge: |
N/A |
Projectile Length: |
6.1 in (15.6 cm) |
Complete Round: |
16.1 in (40.8 cm) |
Cartridge: |
37 x 278 mm |
Propellant Charge: |
0.44 lbs. (0.2 kg) BM2 |
Muzzle Velocity: |
2,657 fps (810 m/s) |
Mount / Turret Data | |
---|---|
Weight: |
N/A |
Elevation: |
-15 / +80 degrees |
Elevation Rate: |
N/A |
Train: |
360 degrees |
Torpedoes
The torpedo outfit comprised two triple axial mountings for six 550mm Mle 1923DT torpedoes.
Two of the new Mle 1929 fire control positions, linked to a Mle 1924 central fire control computer (type Patrie), were located in the bridge wings. The rangefinder for the main guns was employed to provide range and bearing data.
The Mle 1920 control position on the torpedo mounting was equipped with a Granat GC II receiver, and an on-mount operator aligned the pointers to train the mounting.
100/250 Depth Thrower Mle 1928
There were two depth charge chutes each with eight depth charges, and four depth charge throwers on the upper deck abaft the break in the forecastle.
The DCTs would be removed from Albatros shortly after completion to reduce top weight.
Albatros as of 1942
Communications
The wireless telegraphy outfit was upgraded during the late 1930s, the most significant addition being that of an SFR Mle 1937 VHF (OTC) tactical radio for bridge-to-bridge voice communication in 1937. A medium-frequency direction-finding aerial was fitted forward of the bridge, and a DF office was installed in the bridge structure.
The wireless telegraphy aerials were re-affixed to prominent supports fitted on the after funnel, and the after (4-metre) rangefinder was raised by 0.75m to compensate for the height of the new platform.
Depth Sounder
During the mid-1930s the CET 31 ultrasonic depth sounder was replaced by a CET 32 Mod.1935. CET 32 gave particularly good results: up to 200 metres at a speed of 17 knots.
Searchlight
During a major refit in 1941, two 75cm searchlights were installed on a platform forward of funnel n°3.
A third, smaller 60cm projector was fitted on the foremast platform replacing a 75cm searchlight.
Rangefinder
Albatros was fitted with a 4-metre S rangefinder in the after end of the protective bulwarks for the after hoists during the mid/late 1930s, but with a lighter protective housing, and from 1937 all four ships would receive the new 5-metre stereo rangefinder turret forward, in place of the original 3-metre model.
Concentration Dials
Concentration dials were fitted in the Aigle-class from 1933, in response to a directive dated 7 October. The dials were initially painted white, becoming black in 1936. The arrangement adopted in the Aigle class was a departure from previous practice.
In place of the single after dial (initially fixed, then trainable), which in earlier ships had been fitted atop a platform abaft the mainmast, there were two fixed to the after ends of the bridge wings, which were extended and angled at 45 degrees to accommodate the dials and their winding machinery. This proved to be a far better solution, and the practice was extended to all subsequent classes of torpilleur and contre-torpilleur.
ASDIC Type 128 (Maybe?)
The 4 depth charge throwers were disembarked in late 1932. Two would be replaced following the outbreak of war in 1939; although these may have been removed after the Armistice; they were not on board Albatros at Casablanca in November 1942.
Faced with the slowness of the development of a French detector, the French Navy placed an order for British Asdic (called Alpha Devices in France).
A certain number of ASDIC sets were ordered in Britain after the outbreak of war, to alleviate our lack of anti-submarine detection gear. These were of Type 123 for smaller craft and Type 128 for torpedo boats and destroyers.
Albatros is thought to have had an Asdic 128 installed between June and September 1940, possibly at Oran. Aigle had yet to receive its when it was placed in care & maintenance under the terms of the Armistice in October of the same year.
In Jean Guiglini’s “2400-Tonners of the French Navy” it states that the installation of the ASDIC sets proceeded on a certain number of ships after the armistice: including the Albatros (1942).
Complement
A directive dated 10 May 1933 established the wartime complement as 10 officers and 217 men: two CPOs, eight POs, 25 POs 2nd class, 179 seamen, and three civilians.
The requirement to provide individual cabins for two Chief Petty Officers dictated a small revision in the layout of the accommodation.
On the whole, the crew considers their premises spacious and well-ventilated. The 227 men were distributed throughout the boat but contrary to what would become the norm after the war, the sailors were not necessarily housed near their combat station, the officers being housed at the rear, and the rest of the crew at the front.
The forward deckhouse had four bedrooms (officers and chief petty officers), the forward part of the main deck which constituted the teugue under the foredeck housed a crew station which was almost at the bow, with only an equipment hold separating it from the outside.
Aft of the main deck, the accommodation deck was bisected by the propulsion compartments. The forward part included two crew stations aft, the room for an underwater detection device, the telepointing room and another crew station.
The rear part was divided into three slices. The one adjoining the rear engine was occupied by senior officers. On the starboard side were the apartments of the commander and on the port side were the rooms of the second in command and the chief of staff.
The next section included five bedrooms for junior officers and the saloon. The last section was occupied on the starboard side by a bedroom for three civil servants quickly transformed for 2nd class ensigns.
The officers were therefore installed aft according to the tradition of the time on the accommodation deck with the three senior officers occupying a full section aft of the engine compartments.
The captain had an office bedroom and a dining room with a galley on the starboard side, while the other side is occupied by a bedroom for the chief of staff and an office bedroom for the second in command.
The aft section housed five officers’ bedrooms and, on the port side, the junior officers’ wardroom. Two officer bedrooms were installed in the forward deckhouse and the captain had a watch bedroom on the navigation bridge.
The masters and chief mates were installed in two adjoining stations on the starboard side of the main deck under the gangway block and the foredeck. The second masters had hammocks while the masters had berths, superimposed by two. The two bedrooms for the first two masters were located in the forward deckhouse on the port side of the officers’ bedrooms.
The quartermasters and ratings were distributed among four posts. A first position is installed on the main deck under the foredeck, but most of the men were accommodated in three positions placed forward on the accommodation deck. It was actually a large post divided into three watertight bulkheads. Quartermasters and deckhands had hammocks.
Meals were taken at the post, one sailor fetching the meal from the galley, another the bread and wine from the lazarette.
The infirmary installed on the main deck at the back of the forward part included four bunk beds by two, an inspection room, a bathroom and WC.
The destroyers had four kitchens installed in the main deck deckhouses with one for senior officers, one for junior officers, one for petty officers and one for the crew.
Other
Beginning in 1939, trials of replenishing escort ships (torpedo boats and destroyers) at sea by larger ships were carried out, both in line and alongside. The destroyers were then furnished with special installations for the purpose: a coupling and oil pipe in the bows; a point of attachment for a towing hook; and new fairleads.
Armament
5*1 |
138.6/40 cannons Model 1927 |
1*2 |
37mm Mle 1933 |
2*1 |
37mm Mle 1925 |
2*2 |
13.2mm machine guns |
2*1 |
13.2mm Browning |
2*3 |
550m torpedo tubes |
138.6/40 Mle 1927
Installation of loading slides to the guns.
The installation of the circular slides entailed a modification in the supply of shells to Nos. 3 and 4 guns. Viewed from the outside, this revealed itself in a new shape of blast screen to the shelters of these guns, and their extension upward to better protect the shell-handlers from the muzzle blast when the guns were fired on the maximum forward bearing. In addition, Nos. I and 5 guns also received circular slides, but that of No. 5 was removable to permit, in peacetime, the use of the entire quarterdeck.
The ammunition chutes for the 138.6mm guns were modified during the mid-1930s, the projectile chutes for guns nos.1–4 being extended to fully encircle the mounting. The chutes for no.5 gun continued to be stowed in the broken-down condition.
37mm Mle 1933
A platform for a twin 37mm Mle 1933 mounting and two 1-metre rangefinders was constructed above the after hoists.
Gun Data | |
---|---|
Weight of gun: |
300kg |
Ammunition type: |
Fixed |
Projectiles: |
OEA Mle 1925 (0.73kg) |
Ol Mle 1924 (0.73kg) |
|
Propellant: |
BM2 in cartridge (0.2kg) |
Complete round | |
---|---|
Weight: |
2.8kg |
Dimensions: |
408mm x 61mm |
Muzzle velocity: |
810m/s |
Max. range: |
8000m theoretical |
5000m effective |
Mounting Data | |
---|---|
Mounting designation: |
CAD Mle 1933 |
Weight of mounting: |
- t |
Elevation of guns: |
-15°/+80° |
Firing cycle (per gun): |
30rpm theoretical |
15-21rpm practical |
37mm Mle 1925
The pole mainmast and the 37mm CAS mountings were suppressed.
Two of the four 37mm CAS were landed as weight compensation.
13.2mm/76 Mle 1929 Hotchkiss
From 1933 Albatros was fitted with two twin 13.2mm Hotchkiss machine guns (CAD). These were initially fitted on the upper deck, directly abaft the single 37mm guns, and 1-metre stereo rangefinders were located at the forward end of the centre deckhouse to supply range and bearing data to both the 37mm CAS and the 13.2mm MG.
In 1939 the 13.2mm CAD would be relocated to a platform forward of the bridge, atop the forward 138.6mm hoists. The 13.2mm Hotchkiss CAD were relocated from their current position above the forward hoists to the forward end of the centre deckhouse, the position vacated by the 1-metre RF.
Albatros, which was in refit at Oran 11 June–5 September 1941, retained its 13.2mm Hotchkiss CAD above the forward hoists.
Gun Data | |
---|---|
Weight of gun: |
30kg |
Ammunition type: |
Fixed |
Projectiles: |
AP and HE (50gm) |
Tracer |
|
Propellant: |
52g |
Complete round | |
---|---|
Weight: |
122g |
Dimensions: |
135mm x 13.2mm |
Muzzle velocity: |
800m/s |
Max. range: |
3500m theoretical |
2500m effective |
Mounting Data | |
---|---|
Designation: |
CAD on R4 |
Weight of mounting: |
1.16 t |
Elevation of guns: |
–15° / +90° |
Firing cycle (per gun): |
450rpm theoretical |
250rpm practical |
The 13.2mm CAD was a reasonably effective weapon against the relatively slow-moving biplane aircraft of the early 1930s. It had a range in excess of 2000m and could deliver 450 rounds per gun per minute. However, the 30-round magazine provided only four seconds of fire before it needed to be replaced, whereas twelve seconds of continuous fire was reckoned to be necessary in order to disable an aircraft approaching at 600k/h at 2000m.
13.2mm Browning
Albatros had 13.2mm Browning CAS fitted in rear angles on the bridge wings.
Only Albatros, Gerfaut and Vautour received two machine guns.
Gun Data | |
---|---|
Weight of gun: |
31kg (40kg incl. water) |
Ammunition type: |
Fixed |
Projectiles: |
AP and HE |
Tracer |
Complete round | |
---|---|
Weight: |
122g |
Dimensions: |
135mm x 13.2mm |
Muzzle velocity: |
800m/s |
Max. range: |
1500–2000m |
Ceiling: |
5000m |
Mounting Data | |
---|---|
Designation: |
CAS |
Weight of mounting: |
178kg |
Elevation of guns: |
–10° / +79° |
Firing cycle (per gun): |
1000rpm theoretical |
400–650rpm practical |
In order to provide continuous fire from the 13.2mm Hotchkiss MG studies were undertaken of continuous feed belts to replace the 30-round magazines. However, the main issue was the shortage of light AA mountings.
The Mle 1929 was no longer in production for Hotchkiss at their Levallois factory, where work was now concentrated on anti-aircraft gun mountings for the Army. The Navy, therefore, turned to the Fabrique Nationale d’Herstal (Belgium), which was producing the American Browning 0.5in (12.7mm) machine gun under licence. A contract for 361 guns with the firing chamber modified to accommodate the standard French SFM 13.2mm round was signed on 10 July 1939, with the delivery of the first guns specified for January 1940. At the same time, 500 mountings and sights were ordered from Italy.
The Browning MG used continuous feed belts, and in theory, could deliver up to 1000 rounds per minute – more than twice the rate of fire of a single 13.2mm Hotchkiss gun. It would become available in increasing numbers in 1941 when many mountings would be fitted in French destroyers and cruisers during refits at Toulon and in North Africa.
Albatros as of 1948
Photos of Albatros at Toulon between September 1948 and April 1951
General Characteristics
Dimensions: |
Length overall: 128.50 meters. |
Length between perpendiculars: 122.40 meters. |
|
Beam: |
11.70 meters. |
Draught varied from 3.90 meters light to 4.50 meters at full load. |
|
Displacement: |
Full load: 3,192 tons. |
Medium: |
2.891 tons. |
Light: |
2,590 tons. |
Washington: |
2,607 tons. |
The coefficients of stability varies between the same limits of 0.63 and 0.56 meters. |
|
Machinery: |
The forward boilers had been removed, but the two sets of steam turbines were still in place. |
Power developed: |
28,000HP. |
Speed: Maximum: |
27.8 knots; |
Practical: |
26 knots; |
Cruising: |
16 knots. |
Endurance: |
995 sea miles at 25 knots: |
1,466 at 18 knots; |
|
1,800 at 12 knots. |
Gun Directors
The main guns were controlled by a new bulky telepointer for sea targets, fitted with an A/BM (British Type 275) Fire-Control radar at the after end of the bridge.
The 75mm guns were directed by a cruiser-type HA director. The two boilers in the forward boiler room were removed and replaced by a cruiser-type HA plot; the director itself was located atop the forward deckhouse in place of the forward pair of funnels.
In place of the former tripod foremast there was a lattice mast similar to that fitted in the Le Fantasque’s, carrying the standard US small-ship air and surface surveillance radars:
- SA, (later upgraded to SA-2) whose aerial was in the form of a rectangular grille, at the masthead
- SF (thimble radome) on a platform below, protected by a “bell-glass”-shaped radome.
- There was also an Americal SJ-1 surface search radar atop a post forward of the bridge and a 20m2 combat information centre (Central Information, or CI) directly behind the navigation bridge. It served also for torpedo launching.
- One IFF (Identification, Friend/Foe) radar.
- One artillery radar.
On and around the centre deckhouse were six open rangefinders for training: two with a 4-metre base (upper deck abeam funnel no.2), two with a 2.5-metre base (between the funnels), and two with a 1.5-metre base in place of the aft torpedo tube mounting.
Boats
The outfit of boats showed little change from the one with which the ship entered service: a 7-metre motor boat and a 7-metre cutter and two 5-metre dinghies (one motorized) on rails and crutches atop the forward deckhouse, and a 7-metre motor launch and a 7-metre whaler on davits abeam the after deckhouse.
Searchlight
A 75mm projector on a platform located between the two funnels.
Funnels
The two remaining funnels now were closer together than originally, number 4 (now number 2) having been moved forward about a meter so as to leave more room for the 75mm AA gun installed astern of it.
Asdic
Albatros, which still had elements in 1946, landed them because they were in too bad a state.
The project to embark on a new sonar did not come to fruition.
Other
The officers’ and POs’ galleys were relocated from the forward to the centre deckhouse, with new galley pipes running up outside the remaining pair of funnels. The engine room workshop, which was originally in the centre deckhouse, was moved to the forward deckhouse.
Armament
3*1 |
138.6/40 Mle 1927 guns (nos.1, 2 and 5) |
2 Inch mk. 2 Rocket Launcher |
|
1*2 |
105mm C/33 Dop. L. C/37 |
2*1 |
Shielded 75mm Mle 1924 HA |
1*2 |
US-style 40mm Bofors Mk 1 (Starboard) |
1*1 |
Canadian 40mm Bofors Mk 1 (Port) |
2*1 |
20mm Mk 7 Oerlikons |
1*3 |
550m torpedo tubes |
138.6/40 Mle 1927
It retained three of its original 138.6mm Mle 1927 guns occupying the original locations of Nos. 1, 2 and 5 guns, furnished with “leather breeches” at the point of emergence from the shield.
2-Inch mk. 2 Rocket Launcher
A 2 in. rocket-launcher, Mk II, attached to the shield of Albatros’ No. 2 gun. Four lockers, each holding sixteen rockets were located adjacent, two on each side of the deckhouse.
Now, Gaijin can implement these if they choose to. They seem to have been primarily used for illumination but they do seem to have a HE contact rocket. It won’t do much so I won’t mind if they are not implemented. They will not be useful in the game.
In 1940 when the German “blitz” began, two antiaircraft rocket weapons were introduced into service use, the 2-in. U.P. (2-inch Unrotated Projectile) and the 3-in. U.P. These consisted of high explosive heads fitted to a standard type, fin-stabilized rocket motor, and fuzed with impact or pyrotechnic delay aerial burst fuzes.
The basic 2-inch rocket was a simple conventional device using a single stick of SCRK (solventless cordite) propellant which was electrically ignited. A nose-mounted No. 720 fuze was a direct-action wind vane armed device with a built-in self-destruct timer which operated after 4.5 seconds at a height of about 4500 feet (1372.5 m). The motor burned for 1.2 seconds and was launched after burning for 0.1 seconds. Without the self-destruct mechanism the rocket could reach 10000 feet (3050 m).
At charge temperatures between 40° to 50° Fahrenheit the British 2-inch rocket, which was originally designed as a ground- or ship-based anti-aircraft weapon, and later used as an aircraft rocket.
It was fitted with a high explosive (HE) warhead had a burning time of one second and a maximum velocity of 1,580 feet per second.
Data | |
---|---|
Length Overall: |
914.4mm 36 in |
Body Diameter: |
57mm 2.25 in |
Weight: |
4.88kg 10.75lb |
Maximum Velocity: |
457m/s 1500ft/sec |
Weight of HE filling: |
0.25kg 0.56lb |
As Illuminating Equipment
A rocket that carries an illuminating candle. A parachute may suspend the flare candle for purposes of illumination after ejection, as in the case of the 2-inch rocket flares, or the candle may not be either ejected or supported by a parachute, as in the case of the 2-inch target rocket, which merely furnishes a moving, visible target for anti-aircraft practice.
Flare Head | |
---|---|
Overall length: |
22 inches (approx.) |
Diameter: |
2.25 inches |
Total weight: |
4.75 pounds |
Fuzes used: |
Thermal Initiator |
Rocket Motor: | |
---|---|
Overall length: |
31 inches (approx.) |
Diameter: |
2.25 inches |
Width of fins: |
2.375 inches |
Total weight: |
7.5 pounds |
Propellant: |
Tubular cordite |
Propellant weight: |
2.5 pounds |
Burning time at 60 degrees Fahrenheit: |
0.9 seconds |
This flare is used to illuminate enemy targets at night. It is used in conjunction with medium-calibre guns. A flare launcher is mounted on either side of the gun shield at a fixed angle of 30 degrees. This arrangement makes it possible to keep a target illuminated and at the same time engage it with the main armament.
105mm C/33 Dop. L. C/37
Albatros mounted an ex-German 105mm LC/37 twin HA gun mounting, which was installed at the forward end of the after deckhouse.
This model 1937 AA weapon had three aiming axes, and could be aimed either by the director for the 138s or that for the 75s. To avoid any interference with this platform, the height of the flanking davits was reduced from 4 to 2.6 meters.
These are on the new mounts fitted on the Bismark class. They train the gun a bit faster and have a slight boost in armour thickness.
The 10.5cm Dopp LC/37 had a larger shield and the back was not inclined. The C/31 series can be distinguished from the later Dop. L. C/37 by their shorter shield and by the C/37 having a partial shield over the gun breeches.
Gun Mounting Data: |
Dopp LC/37 |
Total Weight: |
27,055kg (26.628 tons) |
Distance apart gun axes: |
660mm (26in) |
Max recoil: |
380mm (15in) |
Max elevation speed: |
12°/sec |
Max training speed: |
8.5°/sec |
Max cross-levelling speed: |
8°/sec |
Shield: |
20-8mm (0.8-0.3in) |
75mm Mle 1924 HA
Shielded 75mm Mle 1924 HA (from the armed merchant cruisers Barfleur after its disarmament) were fitted in the other two gun positions (nos.3 and 4).
They were directed by a cruiser-type HA director.
Caliber: |
50 |
Tube Length: |
3.75m |
Shell Weight: |
5.93kg (including only 0.5kg of explosives) |
Maximum Distance: |
14,910m |
Ceiling: |
8,000m |
Fire Rate: |
12rpm |
Maximum Elevation: |
28° |
40mm/L60 Bofors twin Mk 1
Initially, there were to have been two 40mm Bofors twin Mk 1 mountings of US origin – the model mounted in the four surviving contre-torpilleurs of the Le Fantasque class – in tubs at the forward end of the centre deckhouse.
In the event, only one was fitted. In the starboard barbette: a twin Bofors mount (taken from the light cruiser Le Malin), directed by a standard US Mk 51 director equipped with a Mk XIV gyroscopic sight.
40 mm/56.25 Canadian Boffin
In the port barbette: a single Bofors mount (Canadian Mk 1) with manual and ring-sight aiming– the same model installed on Richelieu in 1945.
Barrels: |
Single |
Rate of Fire: |
120 rounds per minute |
Range: |
10 km |
Ammunition: |
HE and SAP |
The Mounting Mark V (Mark VC for Canadian-built examples) for the 20 mm Oerlikon and QF 2-pounder guns was also adopted initially as an interim mount for the Bofors. It was a single-barreled mounting with hydraulic power, and was known as the “Boffin”.
The Bofors 40mm/56.25 gun, was used widely during WWII and long after, on a variety of different mountings.
Although frequently listed as being 60 calibre, this gun was actually 56.25 calibre.
The Mk.VC Boffin mounting has undergone various modifications over the years, and the mounting that is installed on the Kingston class MCDVs looks considerably different from the original Boffin mounting.
The current mounting has had part of the left side cut away and a new clip rack (which looks similar to that found on the Mk.7 mounting) added to the left rear of the mounting. The original clip rack was horizontal and attached to the right side of the mounting.
20mm Oerlikon single guns on Mk 7 Mounts
Two 20mm Oerlikons on single Model 7a mounts were fitted forward of the navigating bridge, in the positions formerly occupied by the 13.2mm Hotchkiss guns.
550m torpedo tubes
A triple 550mm mount, Model 1300/1180 (a more modern model), originally destined for Bison (ex-Flibustier), was set on the original emplacement forward.
The aft TT was removed.
Albatros as of 1956
Gun Directors
The original HA director was replaced by a German-style triaxially-stabilised model, allied with the French-developed ACAE radar (Artillerie Contre Avions Eloignée -long range anti-aircraft artillery) – the installation of the latter was completed only in September 1951.
In 1953 the American SJ radar by the new French DRBV 30 navigation radar, which now occupied a small platform above the tiny SF thimble radome.
In a short refit early in 1954 the A/BM FC radar by the new French DRBC 11A, the antenna for which was fitted atop the main gunnery director.
Finally, in 1956, the American SF radar was removed.
Boats
In 1953 the davits for the 7-metre whaler and cutter were moved forward to protect them from the blast of the 100mm.
Other
At the beginning of 1951, little shelters were installed under the 40mm barbettes.
Armament
3*1 |
138.6/40 Mle 1927 guns (nos.1, 2 and 5) |
1*2 |
100mm Mle 1945 |
2*1 |
Shielded 75mm Mle 1924 HA |
1*2 |
US-style 40mm Bofors Mk 1 (Starboard) |
1*1 |
Canon 40mm de Mle 51 hydraulic (Port) |
4*1 |
20mm Mk 7 Oerlikons |
1*3 |
550m torpedo tubes |
138.6/40 Mle 1927
In 1951, during a refit the opportunity was taken to reline the three 138.6mm guns.
100 mm/55 Model 1945
In a refit that took place from January to April 1951 the twin 105mm was replaced by the prototype for the new 100mm Mle 1945 twin mounting intended for the battleship Jean Bart.
At the beginning of 1953, the prototype 100mm was replaced by one from regular production.
The shells are refered to as contant or timefuze so I believe that they do carry HE contact shells.
Gun Characteristics | |
---|---|
Gun Weight: |
4,056 lbs. (1,840 kg) including breech |
Bore Length: |
216.5 in (5.500 m) |
Rate of Fire: |
20 - 25 rounds per minute |
The barrel was an auto-fretted monobloc type with a semi-automatic sliding wedge breech mechanism.
Ammunition | |
---|---|
Type: |
Fixed |
Weight of Complete Round: |
50.5 lbs. (22.9 kg) |
Shell Model: |
OEA Mle 1945 (OEA = Obus Explosif en Acier) |
OEcl |
|
Weight: |
13.32kg |
Range: |
Anti-Surface: 17,000m |
Anti-Aircraft: 11,500m |
|
Complete round: |
42.8 in (108.8 cm) |
Cartridge Case: |
100 X 1,145 mm (light alloy) |
Propellant Charge: |
8.84 lbs. (4.01 kg) BM7 |
Muzzle Velocity: |
2,805 fps (855 m/s) |
Working Pressure: |
17.8 tons/in² (2,800 kg/cm²) |
Mount/Turret Data | |
---|---|
Weight: |
58,532 lbs. (26,550 kg) |
Elevation |
-8 / +70 degrees |
Train: |
-90 / +90 degrees |
Loading Angle: |
Any |
These mountings were controlled by four gyro-stabilised directors that were patterned after German designs. Train and elevation were controlled via a Ward Léonard RPC system and there were also semi-automatic and manual backup systems.
The 100 OEA Mle 1945 could be used against surface or aerial targets. HE: Contact or time-fuzed AA
75mm Mle 1924 HA
In the 1951 refit, the opportunity was taken to replace the barrels of the 75mm HA guns.
Canon 40mm de Mle 51 Hydraulic
At the beginning of 1953, a prototype Mle 51 hydraulic model was put in place of the Canadian Bofors 40mm Mk 1.
In a short refit early in 1954 the 40mm Mle 51 prototype was replaced by a production model.
I am not sure about the train speed of these mounts. I have been unable to find it stated anywhere. The Trident class of patrol boats carry the same gun and one has been passed to suggestions.
Gun Characteristics | |
---|---|
Diameter: |
40mm |
Caliber: |
60 |
Mass: |
2 tons |
Maximum practical range: |
3600 meters |
Shell speed: |
853 m/s |
Rate of fire: |
130 strokes/min |
The 40mm CAS model 1951 gun used in the French Navy is a national adaptation of the 60-caliber gun (the famous 40L60). It naturally made its appearance in the French Navy, at the end of the 2nd World War, through ships sold under the Marshall Plan.
The implementation team includes 3 people:
- The gunner seated on the left;
- The provider standing behind the breech in the hoop;
- The head of the room in the background.
Maneuvering the gun is done hydraulically (a small 115 volt motor drives a hydraulic pump) by the gunner with the control stick in front of him.
For pointing the target, he uses an optical sight in which appears an alidade allowing him to adjust his shot. This viewfinder appeared in recent years is common to 20mm Oerlikon and F2 guns.
Firing can be continuous or piecemeal. The barrel is fed manually by the loader who introduces 4-cartridge blades into the breech. A waiting park is located just to its right. At the end of the shot, the empty case is ejected on the front of the part via a guide starting from the underside of the breech. In the event of a breakdown, a crank can replace conventional controls.
20mm Mk 7 single Oerlikon guns
In January 1952, two new single Oerlikons were installed on the fo’csle.
History
Kindly find the history of the Albatros in the comment section of this post.
Miscellaneous
Kindly find the information on the crew, camouflage, and models of the Albatros in the comment section of this post.
Sources
Secondary Sources
- The 2400-Tonners of the French Navy by Jean Guiglini and Kenneth R. Macpherson
- French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956 by John Jordan
- Marine Forum CONTRE-TORPILLEURS CLASSE AIGLE (FRANCE) (Terminé)
Other Specification Sources
- Naval Weapons of World War Two by John Campbell
- French Battleships, 1922-1956 by John Jordan, Robert Dumas
- French interwar 37mm AA guns and ammunition by Anthony G Williams
- The Rocket as a Weapon of War in the British Forces by Sir Alwyn D. Crow
- The transfer and exploitation of German air-to-air rocket and guided missile technology by the Western Allies after World War II by James Mills
- The Model Shipwright French Destroyer Albatros – The Model Shipwright
- NavWeaps http://www.navweaps.com/
- Net-Marine Canon de 40mm Bofors
- Canadian Virtual Military Museum
- British Explosive Ordnance - Rocket Flares, Wire-Barrage and Pyrotechnic Rockets WW2 Equipment Data: British Explosive Ordnance - Rocket Flares, Wire-Barrage and Pyrotechnic Rockets
Other History Sources
- Sea Power, Politics, and the Onset of the Spanish War, 1936 by Willard Chabot Frank (1969)
- World War Two Sea War (Vol. 1-4, 7) by Donald A. Bertke, Gordon Smith, Don Kindell
- World War II at Sea: An Encyclopedia by Spencer C. Tucker
- The US Navy and the War in Europe by Robert Cecil Stern
- Torch: North Africa and the Allied Path to Victory by Vincent O’Hara
- Torch Operation ‘Torch’ The Invasion of North Africa: Then and Now by Jean Paul Pallud
- Naval History and Heritage Command https://www.history.navy.mil/
- Naval Operations in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 by Willard C. Frank Jr. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44642663?seq=4
- The French Presence in the Spanish Military by Benito Tauler https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/media/downloadable/files/links/t/h/the_french_presence_in_the_spanish_military.pdf
- Codenames: Operations of WW2 https://codenames.info/operation/vado
- The French Fleet in Being by Rear Admiral Raymond de Belot https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1951/october/french-fleet-being
- Journey of life in the Royale http://ecole.nav.traditions.free.fr/
- World War II Armed Forces: Orders of Battle and Organization French Armed Forces
- Operation Torch 8 Nov 1942 - 16 Nov 1942 by C. Peter Chen https://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=100
- Adhemar Marine Blog
ADHEMAR: LES CONTRE-TORPILLEURS FRANCAIS ENTRE LES DEUX GUERRES MONDIALES - The First Light Cruisers Of The 1922 Program: The Minelaying Cruiser “Pluton” by Jean Guiglini and Albert Moreau https://www.jstor.org/stable/44891458
Image Sources
- 100 mm/55 mountings on Jean Bart in 1956 - France 100 mm/55 (3.9") Model 1945 - NavWeaps
- 100-250 Depth Thrower Mle 1928 - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- 10.5 cm/65 SK C/33 Dop. L. C/37 - Germany 10.5 cm/65 (4.1") SK C/33 - NavWeaps
- 13.2/76 HOTCHKISS MLE 1929 CAD – French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- 138mm M1927 gun in single M1927 CP mounting - Naval Weapons of World War Two by John Campbell
- 138.6mm/40 Mle 1927 - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- 138.6mm-40 Mle 1927 CS - ibid.
- 2-in UP Rocket Flare (Service) - WW2 Equipment Data: British Explosive Ordnance - Rocket Flares, Wire-Barrage and Pyrotechnic Rockets
- 20mm MK VII A - https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/collection/object/am_humanhistory-object-775382
- 37mm M1925 - Naval Weapons of World War Two by John Campbell
- 37mm M1933 – ibid.
- 37mm/50 Model 1933 - France 37 mm/50 (1.46") Model 1925 and CAIL Model 1933 - NavWeaps
- 40mm mk1 manual illustration - https://maritime.org/doc/bofors40mm/index.php
- 550mm Mle 1923DT torpedoes - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- 75mm model 1924 - CONTRE-TORPILLEURS CLASSE AIGLE (FRANCE) (Terminé)
- 75mm/35 Mle 1925 CAS - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- 80-G-1003967 - https://www.history.navy.mil/
- 80-G-30649 - ibid.
- 80-G-31607 - ibid.
- 80-G-31611 - ibid.
- 80-G-32400 - ibid.
- 80-G-32407 - ibid.
- A tampion for one of the 138.6mm guns of Verdun - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956 by John Jordan
- Aalbatros73-1941Nep1462 - https://1250scale.com/1250FrenchDDs.htm
- Aigle 1938 gun - The 2400-Tonners of the French Navy by Jean Guiglini and Kenneth R. Macpherson
- Aigle General Arrangment - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Aigle postwar ct_alb17 - CONTRE-TORPILLEURS CLASSE AIGLE (FRANCE) (Terminé)
- Albatros 17 February 1931 - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Albatros 1931 - Archives maritimes: LES CONTRE-TORPILLEURS FRANCAIS ENTRE LES DEUX GUERRES MONDIALES
- Albatros 1932 - 1934 - CPA CARTE POSTALE 1935-1940 MARINE GUERRE FRANCE CONTRE-TORPILLEUR ALBATROS | eBay
- Albatros 1935 - 1936 - * ALBATROS (1932/1959)
- Albatros 1936 - 1939 - FREGATES ANTI-SOUS-MARINES CLASSE TOURVILLE
- Albatros 1938 - https://www.ebay.com/itm/354832751061
- Albatros 1940 Original lapel pin badge reduction - Insigne boutonnière Marine C/Torpilleur ALBATROS WWII 1940 Original réduction | eBay
- Albatros 1942 - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Albatros 1948 - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Albatros 1954 - ibid.
- Albatros 1955 - Archives maritimes: LES CONTRE-TORPILLEURS FRANCAIS ENTRE LES DEUX GUERRES MONDIALES
- Albatros 1954 -1959 - https://www.ebay.fr/itm/134424371787
- Albatros at Casablanca in 1942, wearing the hull number ‘X73’. - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Albatros at sea during her trials - ibid.
- Albatros Bridge Deck & Platforms - ibid.
- Albatros during an underway replenishment exercise with the battleship Jean Bart - ibid.
- Albatros during her reconstruction - ibid.
- Albatros during the second half of 1951. - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Albatros pin - https://www.ebay.fr/itm/234377690547
- Albatros pin 3 - https://www.ebay.fr/itm/234377690547
- Albatros pin 4 - IN2770 - INSIGNE ALBATROS, Contre Torpilleur MARINE | eBay
- Albatros pin 5 - 16331 . MARINE . ALBATROS | eBay
- Albatros pin 6 - 16338 . MARINE . ALBATROS | eBay
- Albatros pin 7 - 8b078 - MARINE - ALBATROS | eBay
- Albatros in December 1939. - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Albatros in heavy weather during the late 1930s. - ibid.
- Albatros lacking her guns - https://www.ebay.com/itm/266299070701
- Albatros off Toulon on 6 Apr 1954 - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Albatros receives a German-style triaxially-stabilised director - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Albatros seen on 27 Apr 1949 - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Albatros underway on 21 Oct 1955 in company with the new battleship Jean Bart. - ibid.
- Boffin
- Building Data - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Canon 40mm de Mle 51 - https://www.netmarine.net/f/armes/40mm/index.htm
- Canon 40mm de Mle 51 Front – ibid.
- Close-up of the forward superstructure of Milan, Casablanca 1942 - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- ct_alb13 - CONTRE-TORPILLEURS CLASSE AIGLE (FRANCE) (Terminé)
- Divisions de Contre-Torpilleurs:Sept 1939 - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Ex-German 105mm LC/37 twin HA gun mounting – ibid.
- Experimental 2-inch Rocket Motor (Charge secured by Plastic surround) - The Rocket as a Weapon of War in the British Forces by Sir Alwyn D. Crow
- French destroyer Albatros (D614) - https://www.pinterest.com/pin/french-destroyer-albatros-d614-was-a-aigleclass-dd-contretorpilleurs-built-for-the-french-navy-in-the-interwar-period-wikip--690458186620369762/
- Funnel Bands Oct 1934 to Aug 1936 - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Granat GD II dials - France 130 mm/40 (5.1") Model 1924 - NavWeaps
- Gun Sight Mk 14 - HyperWar: Gun Sight Mark 14 - Gunner's Opering Bulletin No. 2
- Gun Sight Mk 14 (3) - ibid.
- HMS Hilda Boffin - Redirecting...
- Hull Numbers - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Hull sections at Frame 35 - ibid.
- Layout drawing of Twin 13.2 mm Hotchkiss MG. - France 13.2 mm (0.5") Model 1929 - NavWeaps
- Marques Distinctives - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Maximum Normal Power and Full Power Trials - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Mk51 Director - Navpers 10798-A, Naval Ordnance and Gunnery, Volume 2, Fire Control
- NH 91977 - https://www.history.navy.mil/
- NH 91978 - ibid.
- NH 91979 - ibid.
- NH 91980 - ibid.
- NH 91981 - ibid.
- NH 91982 - ibid.
- NH 92278 - NH 92278 Albatros
- NH 93321 - https://www.history.navy.mil/
- NH 93463 - ibid.
- Oerlikon 20mm Mk 7A - https://www.navylookout.com/the-all-rounder-the-30mm-automated-small-calibre-gun-in-focus/
- Photo taken from the magazine Maritime - [Les écoles de spécialités] Groupe des écoles Missiles-Artillerie (GEMA) JEAN BART
- Photogragh 1936 Aigle 138 - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Plan vertical des couples - ibid.
- Planche 14 Albatros 1948-50 - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Plans 1 French Destroyer Albatros - French Destroyer Albatros – The Model Shipwright
- Plans 2 French Destroyer Albatros - ibid.
- Plans 3 French Destroyer Albatros - ibid.
- Plans 4 French Destroyer Albatros - ibid.
- Planche 3 Albatros 1932 - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Port visit to Naples, 8–14 May 1935 - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- Rusty Albatros albatr10 - Les contre-torpilleurs du type MOGADOR.
- Synoptic table of the main differences between the 18 Contre-Torpilleurs de 2400 - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- Tactical Numbers - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- The 11th D.C.T. at Casablanca in April or May 1942. - Warship International, N° 2, 1981 by Jean Guiglini
- The Battle of Cassablanca - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- The Bombardment of Vado & Genoa 14-Jun-1940 - ibid.
- The French Browning machine gun - File:Free french navy sloop 1940.jpg - Wikipedia
- The Primauguet, Albatros, and Milan beached outside Casablanca - The Landings in North Africa
- There is grave danger(leaflet) - CONTENTdm
- This photo was taken from the bridge looking aft in late 1948 - French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d’Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922-1956
- USS Cassin Young DD-793 MK 51 Gun Director - USS Cassin Young Volunteers