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The 36th Wing “Helmut Seidl” stands out as a unique unit within the Italian Air Force. It is the only wing to possess a dual operational specialization, combining air defense and ground attack capabilities in a synergistic manner. This distinction makes it one of the most complete and versatile flight units in the country, both tactically and organizationally.
The unit is based at the “Antonio Ramirez” military airfield in Gioia del Colle, Apulia. The base covers an area of 540 hectares and is equipped with two parallel runways, each approximately three kilometers long. The main runway (14L/32R) features armored shelters at both ends, while the secondary one (14R/32L) is wider and suitable for the landing of heavy transport aircraft. The slightly sloped terrain enhances takeoff performance, and the base is fully equipped with instrumental approach systems, arrestor cables, and high-intensity operation devices.
Although the base lacks a true parking apron for large aircraft, it can host up to 40 aircraft thanks to its WWII-era camouflaged shelters and “daisy” dispersal pads built by the RAF. This setup makes it a strategic hub for both national and international exercises, including “Giopolis” and the Tactical Leadership Program (TLP).
Organizationally, the wing falls under the “Aquile” Air Division and is currently commanded by Colonel Roberto Boi. It consists of two flying squadrons: the 12th Fighter Squadron, specialized in Slow Mover Interception (SMI) using MB‑339CD aircraft, and the 156th Squadron, equipped with Tornado IDS jets for ground and naval attack missions. These are supported by the Aircraft Maintenance Squadron (436th), Operational Logistics Squadron (536th), Liaison Flight (636th), and the 736th Missile Interception Squadron with “Spada” missile batteries.
This dual-role setup is rare in Italy, where wings are typically dedicated to a single mission profile. However, the 36th Wing’s value goes beyond operations—it has a strong social and cultural impact on the local area. The base employs many civilians, hosts military families, includes a school for children of personnel and local residents, and offers training courses such as fire safety, first aid, and safe driving.
One of the most distinctive aspects is the daily cooperation between the two squadrons. Sharing the same base, they regularly participate in joint briefings, training sessions, and informal activities. This closeness fosters a spirit of collaboration that enhances operational effectiveness without the need for complex coordination structures. A friendly rivalry between the squadrons further drives professional excellence.
Operationally, the 156th Squadron boasts extensive experience in real-world missions, from Desert Storm to Deny Flight and Sharp Guard. It also supported the 12th Squadron in transitioning from the Tornado F.3 to new concepts of asymmetric air defense. Today, the 12th is undergoing a transformation into a highly specialized SMI unit: last September, it received three MB‑339CD aircraft and has already qualified two instructors for interception and air-to-air refueling missions. These aircraft are ideal for countering low, slow, and small threats such as ultralights, drones, light aircraft, and helicopters—difficult targets for traditional fighter jets.
Meanwhile, the 156th continues the mid-life upgrade of the Tornado IDS and prepares for the future transition to the Eurofighter Typhoon. The 12th Squadron is also expected to follow the same modernization path.
